Structures critically control hydrothermal gold mineralization and orebodies distribution. Using borehole data, deep geophysical surveys, and 3D geological models from typical Jiaodong gold deposits, this study reveals the ore-controlling role of fault-dip variations. Gold orebodies preferentially occur in gently dipping fault segments and at steep-to-gentle transitions, forming a step-like mineralization pattern. Comparison with gold deposits across China identifies three step-control styles: (1) gently dipping segments and steep-to-gentle bends of a single fault; (2) subsidiary gently dipping faults linked to a steep master fault; (3) gently dipping interlayer structures bounded by steep faults. Mechanical analysis shows that gently dipping faults concentrate stress, provide good sealing, and have low wall-rock shear strength, which together promote fluid focusing and gold precipitation. These findings refine the theory of hydrothermal gold mineralization and offer valuable guidance for deep gold exploration.

Researchers have developed a high‑precision state of health prediction model that combines physical information constraints and multi‑dimensional features for lithium‑ion batteries under random variable load conditions. A neural network‑transformer framework based on physical information was constructed, converting the consistency laws of irreversible battery aging into regularization loss terms in the training process to ensure physical rationality. Multidimensional coupled features including voltage, current, and cycle count were extracted, and Bayesian optimization was applied to adaptively adjust key hyperparameters. Experimental results show that the model outperforms comparison models in terms of MAE, RMSE, and R² metrics, effectively suppressing non‑physical fluctuations and balancing high prediction accuracy with physical rationality.

 Researchers have developed an integrated analytical framework combining multi‑physics mechanism simulation and active learning‑based intelligent optimization to address the challenge of synergistic optimization of gas diffusion layer physical properties in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers. The active learning‑based weighted ensemble surrogate model achieved a coefficient of determination of 0.9994 on the test set with a root mean square error of 5.0240 and a mean absolute error of 4.0694. The optimal parameter combination identified by the framework was a permeability of 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁰ m², an electrical conductivity of 2208.86 S·m⁻¹, and a porosity of 0.605, which effectively suppressed local heat accumulation and eliminated mass transport bottlenecks.

Researchers have developed an integrated analytical framework combining multi‑physics mechanism simulation and active learning‑based intelligent optimization to address the challenge of synergistic optimization of gas diffusion layer physical properties in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers. The active learning‑based weighted ensemble surrogate model achieved a coefficient of determination of 0.9994 on the test set with a root mean square error of 5.0240 and a mean absolute error of 4.0694. The optimal parameter combination identified by the framework was a permeability of 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁰ m², an electrical conductivity of 2208.86 S·m⁻¹, and a porosity of 0.605, which effectively suppressed local heat accumulation and eliminated mass transport bottlenecks.

Now, researchers from Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany, RWTH Aachen University and Stanford University have published (DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2026.100589) a comprehensive review in the journal eScience that synthesizes the current understanding of dendrite formation at the solid electrolyte/lithium metal anode interface. Available online since 7 May 2026, the review examines inorganic, polymer and hybrid solid electrolytes, establishing critical correlations between key parameters and the processes that govern dendrite growth.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X60, a biocontrol strain isolated from tobacco rhizosphere, demonstrates broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against 25 fungal and 9 bacterial species colonizing the tobacco phyllosphere. In field trials, the strain achieved 52.35% control efficacy against tobacco leaf spot and reduced the relative abundance of phytopathogenic fungi from 44.87% to 6.71%. Amplicon sequencing revealed that X60 rapidly suppressed key pathogens such as Verticillium while preserving core phyllosphere microbial taxa including Pantoea and Sampaiozyma, highlighting its potential as an environmentally compatible biocontrol agent.

Each year, the processing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis—one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine—generates over 6 million tons of residue. This waste is rich in cellulose and bioactive flavonoids, but the very compounds that give Glycyrrhiza uralensis its medicinal value also inhibit the microbes needed to break it down. Now, researchers have identified a fungal strain that not only tolerates these inhibitory compounds but actually adjusts its defense strategy depending on how much it faces. The discovery could unlock more efficient ways to convert Glycyrrhiza uralensis processing waste into valuable industrial products.Each year, the processing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis—one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine—generates over 6 million tons of residue. This waste is rich in cellulose and bioactive flavonoids, but the very compounds that give Glycyrrhiza uralensis its medicinal value also inhibit the microbes needed to break it down. Now, researchers have identified a fungal strain that not only tolerates these inhibitory compounds but actually adjusts its defense strategy depending on how much it faces. The discovery could unlock more efficient ways to convert Glycyrrhiza uralensis processing waste into valuable industrial products.Each year, the processing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis—one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine—generates over 6 million tons of residue. This waste is rich in cellulose and bioactive flavonoids, but the very compounds that give Glycyrrhiza uralensis its medicinal value also inhibit the microbes needed to break it down. Now, researchers have identified a fungal strain that not only tolerates these inhibitory compounds but actually adjusts its defense strategy depending on how much it faces. The discovery could unlock more efficient ways to convert Glycyrrhiza uralensis processing waste into valuable industrial products.Each year, the processing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis—one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine—generates over 6 million tons of residue. This waste is rich in cellulose and bioactive flavonoids, but the very compounds that give Glycyrrhiza uralensis its medicinal value also inhibit the microbes needed to break it down. Now, researchers have identified a fungal strain that not only tolerates these inhibitory compounds but actually adjusts its defense strategy depending on how much it faces. The discovery could unlock more efficient ways to convert Glycyrrhiza uralensis processing waste into valuable industrial products.

Researchers reveal that the A and B subunits of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) activate mucosal immunity through distinct pathways. LTB engages NF-κB, upregulating IL‑6, IL‑8, IL‑1β, and TNF‑α, and induces early apoptosis. LTA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering pyroptosis and promoting IL‑18 and IL‑1β secretion. The mutant LTA(R192G) retains NLRP3 activation with reduced toxicity. These findings demonstrate that LT's adjuvant activity stems from subunit‑specific signaling—NF‑κB for LTB and NLRP3 for LTA—offering a clear strategy to design safer, subunit‑based mucosal vaccine adjuvants by eliminating toxicity while preserving immunostimulatory pathways.

In International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, researchers have flipped a long-standing manufacturing curse on its head, using the destructive friction heat of high-speed cutting to trigger a chemical reaction that lets diamond tools carve brittle crystals as smoothly as butter.

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, causing severe economic losses in agricultural production. Biocontrol bacteria can effectively control M. incognita, with significant differences in control efficacy among different strains. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in control efficacy remain unclear.