With the rapid development of 6G space–air–ground integrated communication networks, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, leveraging their advantages of wide-area coverage and freedom from geographic constraints, have become key infrastructure for achieving global seamless connectivity. However, due to the relative motion among satellites in different orbits, inter-satellite links (ISLs) exhibit periodic dynamic on–off characteristics, among which a portion of the interruptions are predictable topological changes. Conventional Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocols compute shortest paths solely based on link distance, without considering link effective duration or bandwidth constraints, rendering them inadequate for adapting to the dynamic topological characteristics of satellite networks. Although fast reroute strategies can address sudden link failures, they consume substantial bandwidth resources and cannot provide protection for all nodes across the entire network. Therefore, how to proactively switch service paths before predictable link interruptions occur, so as to minimize service disruption and resource overhead, has become a core issue in ensuring service continuity in LEO satellite networks.

With growing concerns over the impact threat of near-Earth small bodies and the utilization of space resources, the orbital evolution of binary asteroid systems has become an important subject in space science. When describing the full two-body dynamics of such systems, the gravitational potential of irregular bodies is determined by both their positions and attitudes, leading to coupling between translational and rotational motions, and the resulting model complexity significantly exceeds that of the classical two-body problem. Although existing numerical methods, such as explicit Runge–Kutta integrators, are widely used, they fail to preserve the symplectic structure and Lie group geometric properties of the system. In long-term simulations, key conserved quantities such as total energy and angular momentum are prone to numerical drift, severely undermining the long-term credibility of orbital predictions. While Lie group variational integrators can preserve geometric structure to a certain extent, their implicit equations are formulated on Lie group elements, which incurs substantial computational overhead. Therefore, how to construct a high-performance integration method that simultaneously achieves numerical accuracy, structure preservation, and computational efficiency has become a core challenge in the long-term evolutionary simulation of binary asteroid systems.

With the intensifying space confrontation in geostationary orbit (GEO), the U.S. GSSAP (Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program) satellites have conducted hundreds of close-range observation operations on dozens of on-orbit satellites in the vicinity of GEO. The acquisition of multi-aspect information from non-cooperative targets has thus become a critical component of space security assessment. Close-range spacecraft operations, which employ relative motion configurations such as fly-around, hovering, and drifting flight, provide an effective technical means for approaching and observing targets to obtain multi-aspect payload information. However, existing studies predominantly focus on the control design of a single relative motion configuration, which fails to satisfy the complex mission requirements of multi-aspect observation. The combination of multiple models for observation presents multiple challenges, including smooth switching between modes, fuel optimization, strategy design algorithms, and analysis of payload parameter effects. Therefore, how to coordinately plan a sequential combination of multiple close-range operation models under minimum fuel constraints to efficiently acquire multi-aspect information of non-cooperative targets has become a key bottleneck in enhancing space situational awareness capabilities.

Angiotensin Ⅱ is a key regulator of blood pressure and an important biomarker in vascular disease, but meaningful comparison of laboratory results depends on reliable measurement standards. Researchers have now developed a candidate reference material for angiotensin Ⅱ using two independent analytical approaches. The methods produced highly consistent results, while further testing showed good homogeneity, long-term stability, and low measurement uncertainty. Verification against an internationally recognized reference material provided additional support for the assigned value. The new material could provide laboratories with a common benchmark for method validation, quality control, and more comparable angiotensin Ⅱ measurements.

Low-quality brines represent an abundant and valuable resource for sustainable lithium supply, but their high Mg²⁺ concentrations and high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ ratios make the separation of Mg²⁺ and Li⁺ particularly challenging. A research team at Tsinghua University has developed a polyelectrolyte-intercalated graphene oxide membrane with tunable interlayer spacing, in which the effective interlayer gallery width was controlled through counter-ion adsorption, enabling efficient Mg²⁺/Li⁺ separation under high Mg²⁺ concentrations and high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ ratios through practical pressure-driven filtration.

Stable quantum dot (QD) inks are critical yet challenging for advancing the efficiency and scalability of solution-processed optoelectronic devices. PbS-PbI₂ QDs are attractive for their superior passivation and inter-dot coupling, but require strongly-coordinating alkylamine solvents which continuously etch the QDs and lead to rapid ink degradation. Research teams from Northeast Normal University in China and Jeonbuk National University in Korea reported a vapor-assisted pre-solvation strategy, extending the storage-lifetime of PbS-PbI₂ QDs over 60 days, ensuring outstanding thermal robustness and demonstrating scalable manufacturing potential of QDs.

Cu-doped Er₂O₃ catalysts (Cu-Er₂O₃-x) are synthesized to overcome kinetic, selectivity and proton supply issues of CO₂RR to CH₄. Cu doping creates a strong built-in electric field (BIEF) via charge redistribution, shortening *H-catalyst distance, boosting water dissociation and optimizing *CHO adsorption. The best Cu-Er₂O₃-6 reaches 60.79% CH₄ Faradaic efficiency with stable performance over 24 h. Characterizations and DFT verify BIEF accelerates proton transfer and lowers the barrier of the rate-determining *CHO→*CH₂O step. This work proposes a BIEF regulation strategy to design high-selectivity CH₄ electrocatalysts for carbon neutrality.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain. Conventional therapeutic strategies are limited by single-target intervention and poor clinical efficacy, highlighting the urgent demand for multifunctional nanotherapeutics that synergistically target the complex pathological environment of IDD. MnB-RLG, an interfacial electron-regulated multifunctional nanozyme, exerts synergistic therapeutic effects against IDD through metabolic-redox regulation, providing a potential disease-modifying approach for the clinical management of IDD.