The therapeutic use of human calcitonin (CT) in humans is limited by rapid receptor desensitization (tachyphylaxis), which requires short-term dosing despite the need for long-term treatment. In contrast, fish CT-CT receptors (CTR) exhibit extraordinary resistance to desensitization, enabling lifelong calcium regulation in high-Ca²⁺ marine environments. Here, we analyze the evolutionary, structural, and functional distinctions between fish and human CT systems. We propose that the unique molecular structure of fish CT and CTR may provide templates for engineering durable therapeutic agents to overcome tachyphylaxis.

Harnessing solar energy to enhance the rechargeable zinc–air batteries (RZABs) performance is a promising avenue toward sustainable energy storage and conversion. Simultaneously enhancing light-absorption capacity and carrier separation efficiency in nanomaterials, as well as improving electrical conductivity and configuration for electrocatalysis, presents a formidable challenge due to inherent trade-offs and interdependencies. Here, we have developed a Janus dual-atom catalyst (JDAC) with bifunctional centers for efficient charge separation and electrocatalytic performance through a bipolar doping strategy. The in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the Ni and Fe centers in JDAC not only function as effective sites for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, respectively, but also serve as efficient hole and electron enrichment sites, effectively suppressing photoelectron recombination while enhancing photocurrent generation. As a result, the assembled JDAC-based light-assisted RZABs exhibited extraordinary stability at large current densities. This work delivers pivotal insight to design Janus dual-atom catalysts that efficiently convert solar energy into electric and chemical energy.

Long COVID—defined as symptoms persisting ≥ 2 months beyond acute SARS-CoV-2 infection without alternative explanation—now affects an estimated 65 million people worldwide and lacks any approved, evidence-based therapy; the present overview therefore synthesizes current mechanistic insights and catalogs experimental interventions ranging from supervised rehabilitation to antivirals, anticoagulants, anti-inflammatories, nutraceuticals and emerging biologics.  Key pathogenic drivers include persistent viral reservoirs, chronic low-grade inflammation with IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α elevation, micro-clot formation via spike-protein–fibrinogen interactions, auto-immunity, gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.  These pathways translate into multi-organ sequelae: endothelial dysfunction, myocarditis, neuro-inflammation, small-fiber neuropathy, ME/CFS-like fatigue, menstrual irregularities, glucose intolerance and renal or hepatic injury.