A new perspective highlights why plant traits should be built into photosynthetic efficiency models to improve estimates of global vegetation productivity. 

The research team of Xu Yan and Hongxia Li from Jilin University systematically reviewed the fundamental theories and latest breakthroughs in optical biosensors for pesticide detection. Their work offers new ideas for tackling pesticide residue monitoring challenges. This review thoroughly covers key optical sensing techniques, including fluorescence (FL), colorimetry (CL), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and chemiluminescence. It also examines the working mechanisms of various molecular recognition elements, such as enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and supramolecular host–guest complexes.