Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Antioxidant-1 (ATOX1) has been implicated in oncogenic processes across various cancer types; however, its specific role in HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of ATOX1 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC.

In a new study, WashU Medicine researchers shed light on how newly acquired mutations in blood stem cells interact with mutations passed down by parents to influence a person’s lifetime risk of developing blood cancer.

Sellar chondrosarcomas are a very rare form of bone cancer occurring in the base of the skull, which are not only poorly understood but also frequently misdiagnosed. Now, researchers have explored the clinical outcomes of non-invasive surgical techniques for these tumors, while additionally exploring their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. They also provide valuable recommendations on using clinical and imaging data for accurate preoperative diagnosis of these tumors.

The Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine) announced the establishment of the Ellen Siow Professorship in Neurosurgery in a tribute to the life and legacy of Ellen Siow and her family’s enduring commitment to medical research, education, and philanthropy.

Men assessed as healthy after a pathologist analyses their tissue sample may still have an early form of prostate cancer. Using AI, researchers at Uppsala University have been able to find subtle tissue changes that allow the cancer to be detected long before it becomes visible to the human eye.

Researchers at the University of Navarra have developed FLIP-HEDOS, a pioneering model that measures radiation exposure in circulating blood during cancer treatment. The study, led by Dr. Marina García-Cardosa in collaboration with the University’s Cancer Center, highlights a long-overlooked factor in radiotherapy: protecting blood as an “organ at risk.” By integrating patient anatomy, blood flow, and treatment plans, FLIP-HEDOS predicts cumulative radiation doses and their impact on the immune system. The findings open new paths for safer, more precise oncology care, from reducing side effects to improving outcomes in patients receiving radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

A study in Nucleic Acids Research shows a new way translocations promote cancer. The translocation most typically found in mantle cell lymphoma drags a powerful regulatory element into a new area of the human genome, where its new position allows it to boost the activity of not just one but 50 genes at once. The discovery of this genome rewiring mechanism shows the traditional focus on the handful of genes at chromosomal breakpoints is too narrow. The study also greatly expands the list of potential drug targets for mantle cell lymphoma, for which there is no known cure.

At school, it’s often presented as a tidy double helix but scientists are revealing the varied and intricate shapes of DNA molecules.  

DNA is a molecule found in just about every living cell. Because the molecule is long, it ends up twisting on itself and getting tangled. Enzymes in the body try to regulate this process but when that fails, normal activity in the cell can be disrupted, which triggers ill health and could be a factor in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.

To find cures for major illnesses, scientists need to understand the complex shape of DNA tangles. Existing lab techniques enable them to plot the shape and structure of DNA tangles but it is laborious and time consuming. 

An international scientific team led by the University of Sheffield in the UK has now automated the process. Using what is known as an atomic force microscope, advanced computer software and AI - they are able to visualise the DNA molecules, trace their paths and measure them.