A theoretical framework predicts the emergence of non-reciprocal interactions that effectively violate Newton’s third law in solids using light, report researchers from Japan. They demonstrate that by irradiating light of a carefully tuned frequency onto a magnetic metal, one can induce a torque that drives two magnetic layers into a spontaneous, persistent “chase-and-run” rotation. This work opens a new frontier in non-equilibrium materials science and suggests novel applications in light-controlled quantum materials.

Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are capable of detecting single photons by harnessing a process called avalanche multiplication. 4H-SiC APDs have demonstrated high sensitivity in the deep ultraviolet range. However, at higher wavelengths of light, APDs require advanced architectures to improve their unity-gain quantum efficiency to maintain single-photon sensitivity. Optimizing avalanche photodiodes for high wavelength operation brings several design challenges. Researchers have now created a numerical model with a calibrated 4H-SiC material library for designing avalanche photodiodes for near-ultraviolet photodetection.

A research team has developed a causal deep learning model to personalize corticosteroid therapy for intensive care unit patients with sepsis. Using data from patients across two major databases, the model accurately identified which patients would benefit, not benefit, or be harmed by treatment. Patients with severe metabolic acidosis and circulatory dysfunction showed the greatest survival benefit. This breakthrough could potentially optimize critical care decisions, reduce treatment risks, and improve survival rates in sepsis.

In the study, researchers identified top-performing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for both adsorption and membrane separation, showing that 3D COFs with small pores excel in adsorption, while 2D COFs with large pores are ideal for membrane separation. The team also uncovered key features governing COFs' separation performance, pointing to more efficient ways to extract helium from natural gas.