Climate models suggest that climate change could reduce the Southern Ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂). However, observational data actually shows that this ability has seen no significant decline in recent decades. In a recent study, researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute have discovered what may be causing this. Low-salinity water in the upper ocean has typically helped to trap carbon in the deep ocean, which in turn has slowed its release into the atmosphere – until now, that is, because climate change is increasingly altering the Southern Ocean and its function as a carbon sink. The study is published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

A group of stroke physicians, researchers and industry representatives discussed the current use and future of AI in stroke clinical trial design at the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable meeting March 28. Led by the University of Cincinnati’s Joseph Broderick, MD, the researchers published an article in the journal Stroke Sept. 30 summarizing the group’s discussion and recommendations.

Rocks store information from long ago. For instance, their composition can reveal the environmental conditions during their formation. This makes them extremely important in climate research. This led a research team at the University of Göttingen and the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences to investigate the following: do “cherts” – sedimentary rocks that form when silica-rich sediment mud is buried hundreds of meters deep – reveal anything about the climate of the past? The study found that oxygen isotopes in cherts do not show clear indicators about the early climate. However, they do record how much heat was released from the hot interior of the Earth to their location on the seafloor. This is crucial for understanding the early Earth: the findings allow researchers to understand the conditions on the Earth's surface up to 3.5 billion years ago. The research was published in the journal Geology.

A research team has developed a neuron device that holds potential for application in large-scale, high-speed superconductive neural network circuits. The device operates at high speeds with ultra-low-power consumption and is tolerant to parameter fluctuations during circuit fabrication.

Breast cancer is increasingly affecting younger women globally, often before the screening guidelines recommend testing age. Young patients with breast cancer have a worse prognosis than older women.

Early screening through AI-enhanced mammography and high-throughput sequencing-powered genetic tests can identify high-risk individuals, offering a critical time frame for prevention and intervention.