Why are we able to recall only some of our past experiences? A new study at the RIKEN Center for Brain Science in Japan has an answer. Spoiler Alert! The brain cells responsible for stabilizing memories aren’t neurons. Rather, they are astrocytes, a type of glial cell that is usually thought of as a role player in the game of learning and memory. Published in Nature, the study shows how emotionally intense experiences like fear biologically tag small groups of astrocytes for several days so that they can re-engage when a mouse recalls the experience. It is this repeated astrocytic engagement that stabilizes memories.

This study used the concept of reinforcement learning to explain the navigation of chemotactic cells toward sparsely distributed targets, showing how decentralized information processing through environmental interaction can lead to highly intelligent behavior. Simulations showed that groups of simple agents could navigate mazes more robustly than a more intelligent single agent. This demonstrates that decentralized teams of simple agents can efficiently process information as a group, with potential applications in medicine, artificial intelligence, and robotics.

Loneliness can be seen in a physical workplace, but remote work often hides the signs. To visualize communication and identify employees at risk in increasingly diverse work environments, researchers at Kyushu University analyzed workplace chat logs from platforms like Slack, and developed two new indicators—contribution to communication and strength of relationships between users. The team is now partnering with companies to explore wider practical applications.

Childhood trauma has often been linked to adverse mental health outcomes, but its impact on genetic changes often goes unnoticed. A new study at University of Fukui identified “epigenetic scars” in DNA, leading to structural alterations of brain regions related to emotional regulation, memory retrieval, and social cognition. Findings suggest that these biological markers may enable early detection, personalized treatment, and prevention of these effects—offering hope for breaking the intergenerational cycle of child abuse.

Kyoto, Japan -- Around the world, we are already witnessing the detrimental effects of climate change, which we know will only become more severe. Extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, tropical cyclones, and heat waves are projected to intensify, and this will negatively impact both human society and natural ecosystems.

Assessing how climate change affects extreme weather is important not only from a scientific point of view, but also from a practical perspective. It is critical that we start adapting to climate change and mitigating the effects of potential disasters.

This situation has motivated a team of researchers at Kyoto University to investigate how climate change -- in particular, rising temperatures -- affects precipitation in Japan. The team has focused on heavy rainfall patterns and what kind of atmospheric conditions influence their characteristics.

Supernatural beliefs have long shaped how people interact with nature. A study from Doshisha University used evolutionary game theory to explore whether fear of supernatural punishment can deter overexploitation of natural resources. The findings suggest that such beliefs, under the right conditions, can promote sustainable behavior and complement modern conservation efforts. These findings can guide environmental education and conservation strategies, besides encouraging policy design in culturally diverse societies.

Researchers conducted a detailed mobile observation survey of methane emissions in the Osaka metropolitan area. Researchers found overlooked sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

Plant-based materials have traditionally been used to treat a variety of viral infections. Now, researchers have found that cardamom seed extract, as well as its main bioactive ingredient, 1,8-cineole, can have potent antiviral effects through its ability to enhance the production of antiviral molecules known as type I interferons via nucleic acid ‘sensors’ inside cells.

Hydrogen is a promising fuel for developing sustainable industrial processes, but its use is hindered by hydrogen embrittlement—a phenomenon that weakens metals and can cause sudden failure. Now, researchers from Japan have provided the first experimental evidence linking surface roughness to atomic-scale defects caused by hydrogen in iron. Using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, they showed that rougher surfaces result in greater accumulation of defects, offering new insights into designing hydrogen-resistant materials through precision surface engineering.