Applying palaeoproteomics to ancient dental calculus from eight premodern commoners buried in the Umeda cemetery in Osaka, Japan, researchers identified 38 dietary proteins from 17 taxa, including high‑grade sea bream, salmonids from distant waters, terrestrial mammal meat, and cottonseed oil products. These findings show that even relatively poor urban commoners in premodern Osaka accessed an unexpectedly diverse range of foods supplied through the city’s role as the “Kitchen of the Realm."

A five-university Japan-Taiwan research consortium - led by Principal Researchers Yoshitane Imai (Professor, Kindai University) and Ming-Chia Li (Associate Professor, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University) - has been selected for the 2026 Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association Joint Research Grant Program in Natural and Applied Sciences. The participating institutions include Kindai University, Ibaraki University, Osaka Metropolitan University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, and National Central University.

Through this international collaboration, Japanese and Taiwanese researchers are developing core technologies for circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs), a type of next-generation semiconductor optical device that natively emits circularly polarized light.

To launch the project, the "2026 Taiwan–Japan Joint Symposium on Next-Generation Circularly Polarized Luminescence Technology" will be held on September 1–2, 2026, at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Central University in Taiwan. A delegation of researchers and students from Kindai University, Ibaraki University, and Osaka Metropolitan University will travel to Taiwan to present their latest scientific findings. The two-day program features dedicated sessions for early-career researchers, laboratory tours, and strategic planning meetings to align research objectives for the upcoming three-year initiative.

For decades, scientists have understood proteins primarily through two defining features: their amino acid sequence and their three-dimensional structure. This framework has driven major advances in biology, biotechnology, and medicine, culminating in recent artificial intelligence tools capable of predicting protein structures with remarkable accuracy. Yet a fundamental challenge remains: even when a protein's sequence and structure are known, predicting its function, interactions, and behavior often remains difficult. An international team of researchers from Japan, Finland, Italy, and the United States now reports evidence that part of this missing information may lie in an often-overlooked component of proteins: the highly organized water surrounding them. In a study accepted for publication in Nature Communications, the team provides the first direct three-dimensional visualization of sequence-dependent hydration architectures surrounding peptide assemblies at sub-nanometer resolution using advanced three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM). The findings reveal that water near peptide and protein surfaces is not simply a passive solvent. Instead, it forms highly organized, multilayered structures whose organization is dictated by the underlying amino acid sequence and surface chemistry. These hydration architectures extend multiple layers from the peptide surface and contain distinct structural signatures associated with hydrophobic, polar, aromatic, and charged amino acid residues. 

Developmental disorders, including autism, entail challenges in social life; as the number of affected individuals has risen, this has become a significant societal concern. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that a mutation in CHD8, a gene associated with autism spectrum disorder, causes abnormal differentiation of ventral progenitor cells, leading to autistic-like behavior in adulthood. This should lead to the elucidation of mechanisms underlying autism onset during brain development and to the advancement of therapeutics.

Hematopoietic stem cells can transform into any type of blood cell. However, this ability declines as we age. Recent research at Tohoku University uses AI to guide their deep dive into understanding which genes cause aging in stem cells. 

We study the ground state of the spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice in the easy-axis regime using density-matrix renormalization group with spiral boundary conditions. The ordered state remains a nontrivial three-sublattice Y-like structure over a wide anisotropy range. Extrapolation shows incomplete sublattice polarization even in the Ising limit. Energy comparisons demonstrate that the Y state is favored over the up-down-down state, stabilized by quantum fluctuations from the degenerate Ising manifold.

A team of researchers found a naked photo-bombing comet in an image from publicly available archival data from the Subaru Telescope. The Subaru Telescope has produced a vast collection of publicly available images covering large areas of the sky. Although these observations were originally designed for other scientific goals, the images can also contain unexpected Solar System objects, making the archive a valuable resource for new discoveries. By analyzing how sunlight is reflected from the surface of the nucleus, the team was able to determine important similarities and differences between the comet and asteroids.

When one person helps, or refuses to help, another in public, this may change not only the provider’s reputation but also the recipient’s. A theoretical study led by Kobe University provides the simplest explanation for how cooperation in large communities becomes stable and provides insights into phenomena like the bystander effect.