Technology Developed to Control Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge at Nitrogen Removal Treatment Plants

Osaka Metropolitan University researchers found that patients are more likely to experience bone loss around shoulder implants after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The study highlights the importance of bone health management for improving long-term surgical outcomes. 

Researchers from Nagoya University in Japan have found that depositing an ultrathin (less than 10 nanometers) magnesium layer onto gallium nitride (GaN), then gently heating it for a short time, creates the best electrical contacts yet reported for the thin p-type layers used in devices such as LEDs and power transistors.

Kyoto, Japan -- For more than two decades, silicon carbide -- SiC -- has been promoted as the key to developing extreme-environment electronics. Yet despite its promise, the field has remained stuck at the stage of basic research, so far failing to result in the development of practical devices. Now, a team of researchers at Kyoto University has set about to change that.

"We believe the lack of development is because the research community has been trying to apply silicon-era thinking to a fundamentally different material," says first author Mitsuaki Kaneko.

The team focused on junction field-effect transistors, also known as JFETs. Previous research has suggested that complementary JFETs, based on SiC JFETs, can be applied to low-power integrated circuits for operation in extreme environments. However, the JFETs that the researchers created previously -- which had conventional top-gate structures fabricated in semi-insulating SiC substrates -- suffered from low controllability and large leakage currents at high temperatures. This motivated the team to set their sights on solving these two issues, which they knew would be essential for practical use.

Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, announced on Aug. 24 that Japan's first full-stack neutral-atom quantum computer "Shunkai," developed by a research team led by Professor Kenji Ohmori, is now operational.

OUS students developed a hands-on supply chain workshop using LEGO bricks to introduce high school students to Toyota’s Lean concepts, including Kanban, Kaizen, and waste reduction. Through a competitive manufacturing simulation, participants experienced how reducing inventory, improving communication, and responding to demand can increase supply chain efficiency. The workshop also gave OUS students an opportunity to translate business theory into an engaging learning experience for the next generation.

Tokyo, Japan – Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used a theoretical framework to derive design rules for creating new thermoelectric materials. The efficiency of converting thermal energy to electricity is often determined by parameters which strongly depend on each other, making it difficult to identify ideal recipes. The team’s findings help lay out goals for optimizing “band structure,” a map showing what states electrons can take, promising a shift towards rational material design.

Japan has one of the world’s longest-living populations, yet predicting which octogenarians will lose their independence remains difficult. Now, researchers identify two blood proteins—beta-2-microglobulin and cystatin C—that are consistently associated with future disability in adults aged 85 years and older. The findings, independently replicated in an Italian aging cohort, suggest that kidney dysfunction and chronic inflammation contribute to disability risk and could support earlier preventive interventions in rapidly aging populations worldwide.

Earth's inner core, composed primarily of iron with a small percentage of light elements, may enter a superionic state at extreme pressure and temperature, according to experimental results from researchers at Science Tokyo. Using laser-heated and electrically wired diamond-anvil cells, the researchers identified experimental signatures of superionic iron hydride at conditions relevant to Earth’s core. These findings provide new insights into the composition and dynamics of Earth's deep interior.