Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) remains a major therapeutic challenge in acute myocardial infarction due to the lack of effective treatment options. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have shown promise in cardiac repair, their clinical translation is limited by poor delivery efficiency and reduced bioactivity. In this study, researchers developed nanoscale artificial cell-derived vesicles (Rg1-ACDVs) via mechano-extrusion of MSCs preconditioned with ginsenoside Rg1, a bioactive phytochemical. Compared to conventional extracellular vesicles (Rg1-EVs) and unprimed ACDVs, Rg1-ACDVs demonstrated superior therapeutic performance by promoting cell cycle progression and facilitating DNA damage repair, as revealed by multi-omics analyses. Functional assays confirmed their dual ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and safeguard genomic stability in both in vitro and in vivo models. This work underscores the synergistic potential of phytochemical priming and nanoscale bioengineering, establishing Rg1-ACDVs as a scalable and effective platform for advancing MI/RI therapy toward clinical application.

Significant relationship between vagus nerve and bone remodeling was identified through artificial intelligence (AI)-based knowledge mining. Iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated injectable hydrogels (termed M-Gels) were applied to rats' left neck vagus nerves, showing at least 20-week retention. Magnetic vagus nerve stimulation (mVNS) at 20 Hz twice daily for 16 weeks enhanced bone metabolism. AI analysis identified gut microbiota as a contributing factor, highlighting mVNS's potential for osteoporosis treatment.

In photodetection systems, the ability to simultaneously measure light intensity, wavelength, and polarization is critical for advanced optical applications. A groundbreaking study introduces a novel photodetector leveraging halide perovskites, which uniquely combine electro-optic modulation with polarization-sensitive detection. By utilizing ultrafine nanoripples and micron-sized crystals in perovskite materials, this device achieves precise polarization response and electro-optic modulation. These properties, enhanced by the material’s superior optoelectronic performance, enable multidimensional polarization current generation and visualization key advancements for integrated optical systems. The innovation holds promise for applications in machine learning-driven optical technologies and compact photonic devices, marking a significant step toward multifunctional, high-efficiency optoelectronics.

A computer that can calculate hundreds of scientific tasks simultaneously and thus helps provide a solution to key social challenges: this is the new IT heart of Paderborn University. The ‘Otus’ supercomputer was put into operation at the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC2) on Monday 10 November. From now onwards, researchers all over Germany can use it to run challenging computer simulations and conduct scientific enquiry at the highest level.