Researchers emphasize that cognitive decline is not inevitable with age and urge a shift toward lifestyle-based prevention. Up to 45% of dementia risk is linked to modifiable factors like poor diet, inactivity and isolation. Landmark trials like POINTER and FINGER show that structured interventions – featuring exercise, healthy diets, cognitive stimulation, and social engagement – can significantly boost cognitive function and potentially reduce Alzheimer’s risk.

Taste receptors are specialized proteins that facilitate the sense of taste. There are different groups of receptors for detecting different tastants. Understanding the structure of these receptors will help in elucidating their function. 25 different bitter taste receptors have been identified to date, out of which the 3D crystal structures of only three have been characterized. In this study, the researchers use an artificial intelligence-based structure prediction model to characterize the structure of these receptors.

The therapeutic efficacy of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and apoptosis is hindered by inadequate intracellular copper and iron levels, hypoxia, and elevated glutathione (GSH) expression in tumor cells. Thermoelectric technology is an emerging frontier in medical therapy that aims to achieve efficient thermal and electrical transport characteristics within a narrow thermal range for biological systems. Here, we systematically constructed biodegradable Cu₂MnS_3-x-PEG/glucose oxidase (MCPG) with sulfur vacancies (S_V) using photothermoelectric catalysis (PTEC), photothermal-enhanced enzyme catalysis, and starvation therapy. This triggers GSH consumption and disrupts intracellular redox homeostasis, leading to immunogenic cell death. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, MCPG enriched with S_V, owing to doping, generates a local temperature gradient that activates PTEC and produces toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydroxyl radicals and oxygen are generated through peroxide and catalase-like processes. Increased oxygen levels alleviate tumor hypoxia, whereas hydrogen peroxide production from glycometabolism provides sufficient ROS for a cascade catalytic reaction, establishing a self-reinforcing positive mechanism. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that vacancy defects effectively enhanced enzyme catalytic activity. Multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapy not only damages tumor cells, but also elicits an antitumor immune response to inhibit tumor metastasis. This study offers novel insights into the cuproptosis/ferroptosis/apoptosis pathways of Cu-based PTEC nanozymes.