24 September 2025/Potsdam/Kiel. Tens of thousands of earthquakes shook Santorini and its surroundings in January 2025. Researchers from the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences and the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, in collaboration with international partners, have now published their analysis in the journal Nature. The study reveals that ascending magma triggered the seismic crisis and points to a previously unknown connection between the magma reservoirs of Santorini and the Kolumbo submarine volcano.

 - Joint press release by the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences and GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel -

The study develops a climate-economy model focusing on three sources of ambiguity: climate sensitivity, climate-related economic damage, and abatement cost-effectiveness. Aversion to climate sensitivity and damage ambiguity increases abatement, while aversion to abatement cost ambiguity reduces it. If the extent of climate change or its damage is believed to be overstated, optimal abatement can drop sharply or even disappear. Perceived relationships among uncertainties can amplify or offset their effects.