FIU researchers are studying how great hammerhead sharks engage in a “thermal hustle,” maintaining peak hunting performance across a wide range of ocean temperatures.

There is a closing 20-year window in which decisions on climate and land use will determine the fate of dozens of native birds, butterflies and plants across Great Britain, which is already one of the most nature-depleted countries globally.

That is the warning in a new study led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), which, for the first time, predicts how different combined environmental changes would affect the survival of species within 1km square areas across the country.

Researchers at the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute have demonstrated that combining data from different origins enables a more precise characterisation of cell type’s diversity into tissues and organs. The team also introduced scOMM, a new machine learning tool for classifying and compare cell types across the distinct data modalities. The tool is openly available to researchers worldwide and has been successfully tested in kidney tissue, one of the most cellularly diverse organs in the human body and validated in blood and heart tissue. As the results demonstrate, when it comes to understanding complex tissues, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Microbial metabolites influence health far beyond the intestinal tract. Yet, a systematic understanding of how these molecules precisely control specific immune cell functions and regulate disease has remained elusive. A comprehensive review by the team of Professor Changtao Jiang and Dr. Kai Wang at Peking University addresses this gap. The article provides a critical theoretical foundation for understanding the gut microbiota-metabolite-immune axis in disease pathogenesis and for developing targeted intervention strategies.

A collaborative research study co-led by scientists at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the Liber Institute for Brain Development has for the first time identified a biological process that may help explain how the brain develops differently in people with Down syndrome.

Kyoto, Japan -- "It takes a village to raise a child" doesn't apply merely to humans. Many species of mammals, birds, fish, and various invertebrates have evolved complex social care systems known as cooperative breeding. In these animal societies, offspring receive attention not only from their parents but also from other group members called helpers.

Such social systems have evolved independently multiple times across various taxa, yet most studies have focused on birds and mammals. After studying fish in Lake Tanganyika, one of Africa's great lakes bordering four countries, a team of researchers at Kyoto University was inspired to investigate the forces behind cooperative breeding in lamprologine cichlid, a fish variety endemic to the lake. Specifically, they aimed to elucidate the evolutionary history of cooperative breeding and its correlation with the life history traits of several of these species.

"I have long been interested in how animals cooperate with other individuals," says first author Shun Satoh. "Even when social systems appear superficially similar, the environmental factors that promoted increasing social complexity may have differed among mammals, birds, and fish, and I find that especially fascinating."