Scientists from the Marine Biological Association and the University of Plymouth have revisited turn-of-the-century forecasts about the many and varied threats they thought were likely to face the world’s shorelines in 2025. Their new study highlights that many of their forecasts were correct, either in whole or in part, while others haven’t had the impacts that were envisaged at the time. They have also charted some of the other threats to have emerged and/or grown in significance since their original work, with notable examples including global plastic pollution, ocean acidification, extreme storms and weather, and light and noise pollution.

In a paper published in Journal of Geo-information Science, a group of researchers pioneered a new paradigm by leveraging large language models (LLMs) in constructing typhoon disaster knowledge graphs (KGs), transforming fragmented data into structured disaster intelligence. Simultaneously, these KGs are fused into LLMs to achieve intelligent knowledge services, advancing contextualized and intelligent disaster response systems.

As ice sheets retreat, glacial environments initially absorb greenhouse gases but soil development over long times creates a source of greenhouse gases.