Researchers at the Geodynamics Research Center (GRC), Ehime University, measured P- and S-wave velocities of a lunar orthopyroxene under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions equivalent to those in the Moon’s interior. Comparison of laboratory data with seismic models from NASA’s Apollo missions revealed the lunar upper mantle (at depths of 40–740 km) likely contains more iron than previously thought. This new finding has wide implications for the formation and evolution history of the Earth-Moon system.

Viewed from a great distance in both space and time, the nighttime glow of inhabited areas on Earth is steadily increasing. However, the hidden variability within in this overall change has been demonstrated by a new analysis of satellite data undertaken by a research team from the University of Connecticut, in collaboration with NASA and researchers in the U.S. and Germany. “For the first time, daily satellite images were used for this purpose on a global scale,” says Professor Christopher Kyba, professor of nighttime light remote sensing at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, who participated in the study. The data confirm earlier studies that light emissions are increasing overall. However, the most important new finding is that fluctuations occur frequently, and are not solely attributable to major factors such as the COVID-19 lockdowns or the war in Ukraine. The researchers reported their findings in the April 8, 2026, issue of the journal Nature.

A new long-term field study reveals that adding biochar to rice paddies can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining or even improving crop yields, offering a promising pathway toward more sustainable agriculture.

A new study reveals that biochar, a carbon-rich material made from biomass, can fundamentally reprogram how plants and soil microbes interact. By altering both plant root chemistry and the surrounding microbial community, biochar may provide a powerful tool for improving crop productivity while reducing environmental impacts.

A new study reveals that biochar made from crayfish shells can either reduce or increase arsenic risks in soil, depending on soil type, offering both opportunities and cautions for sustainable remediation strategies.