A research team from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS) has developed a comprehensive three-dimensional geodynamic model of western North America that simulates the present-day dynamics of both the lithosphere and the underlying convecting mantle, revealing a mechanism for magma generation beneath supervolcanoes.

A remarkable new discovery is shedding light on one of the greatest survival stories in Earth’s history, and answering a decades-old scientific mystery. Lystrosaurus, a hardy, plant-eating mammal ancestor, rose to prominence in the wake of the End-Permian Mass Extinction some 252 million years ago, the most devastating extinction event our planet has ever experienced. While countless species vanished, Lystrosaurus not only survived, but thrived in a world marked by extreme environmental instability, intense heat, and prolonged droughts.

Researchers at the Geodynamics Research Center (GRC), Ehime University, measured P- and S-wave velocities of a lunar orthopyroxene under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions equivalent to those in the Moon’s interior. Comparison of laboratory data with seismic models from NASA’s Apollo missions revealed the lunar upper mantle (at depths of 40–740 km) likely contains more iron than previously thought. This new finding has wide implications for the formation and evolution history of the Earth-Moon system.

Viewed from a great distance in both space and time, the nighttime glow of inhabited areas on Earth is steadily increasing. However, the hidden variability within in this overall change has been demonstrated by a new analysis of satellite data undertaken by a research team from the University of Connecticut, in collaboration with NASA and researchers in the U.S. and Germany. “For the first time, daily satellite images were used for this purpose on a global scale,” says Professor Christopher Kyba, professor of nighttime light remote sensing at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, who participated in the study. The data confirm earlier studies that light emissions are increasing overall. However, the most important new finding is that fluctuations occur frequently, and are not solely attributable to major factors such as the COVID-19 lockdowns or the war in Ukraine. The researchers reported their findings in the April 8, 2026, issue of the journal Nature.