Is there only one optimal configuration an organism can reach during evolution? Is there a single formula that describes the trajectory towards the optimum? And can we ‘derive’ it in a purely theoretical fashion? A team of researchers, including from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), has answers. Their mathematical model forecasts the ideal body plan of a fruit fly’s early embryo, suggesting that evolution might had many optimal options at its disposal.

In nature, phenomena involving multiple fluctuations often arise interactively. At the ASDEX Upgrade^*1 experimental device in Germany, two plasma fluctuations driven by energetic particles have been observed in conjunction. Assistant Professor Hao Wang and Professor Yasushi Todo of the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), in collaboration with researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Germany, successfully reproduced the coupled generation of the two fluctuations using a simulation code developed at NIFS and performed on a supercomputer. Through detailed analysis, they clarified that as the first fluctuation grew, the distribution function^*2 of the energetic particles was significantly deformed, which caused the second fluctuation to occur in conjunction. Energetic particles and fluctuations are deeply involved in maintaining the high-temperature plasma necessary for the realization of fusion energy. This achievement will greatly contribute to research in these areas.

The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Information and Communication Technologies goes in this seventeenth edition to Anil Jain (Michigan State University, United States) and Michael I. Jordan (University of California, Berkeley, United States) for what the committee calls their “core contributions” to machine learning, which have unlocked “applications of far-reaching impact on society as a whole.”

Researchers propose a novel mechanism for non-reciprocal optical devices without magnetic fields through nonlinear non-reciprocal susceptibility. They experimentally achieved self-induced isolation of optical signals, demonstrating high isolation ratio (63.4 dB), wide bandwidth (2.1 GHz), and low insertion loss (1 dB). The innovation enables passive isolation through asymmetry cavity, allowing a weak signal to control stronger backward laser. This advancement has implications for topological photonics and quantum information transfer.

Nanostructures with specific electromagnetic patterns promise applications in nanoelectronics and future information technologies. However, it is very challenging to control those patterns. Now, a team at HZB examined a specific class of nanoislands on silicon with interesting chiral, swirling polar textures, which can be stabilised and even reversibly switched by an external electric field.

A new study involving the UGR shows that deep generative vision models can synthesise highly realistic satellite images that can be used to illustrate future climate-related events such as floods, sea-ice retreat, and reforestation.