Morphine is a potent opioid medicine utilized for the management of moderate to severe pain, particularly in palliative care, post-surgical recovery, and cancer treatment. But, it carries risks of addiction liability and respiratory depression. Thus, aim of the review was designed to insights into morphine: extraction, structural characterization, and pharmacological properties. A literature survey on scientific journals, books as well as electronic sources was performed for the content. This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of morphine, one of the most well-known opiate analgesics, focusing on its extraction, structural characterization, and pharmacological properties. The pharmacological profile of morphine is critically examined, highlighting its mechanisms of action, including its interactions with opioid receptors, and the resulting physiological effects. Also, the therapeutic applications of morphine is discussed in pain management, its potential for addiction, and the emergence of tolerance. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of morphine’s significance in medicine and its implications for future pharmacological developments.

Dear Editor,

Nipah virus (NiV) poses a significant threat to global health security due to its high fatality rate and the possibility of human-to-human transmission.1 This zoonotic virus can cause serious effect in both animals and humans.2 Although there are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics for NiV, there have been promising advances in vaccine development in recent years, bringing us one step closer to curbing the impact of this deadly disease. NiV outbreaks have been reported in several countries in southern Asian countries in support of their statement, outbreaks are taken place annually in Bangladesh.3 The main route of transmission to human is through contact with infected animals, particularly, flying fox (Pteropus) natural reservoir of the virus. However, raising concerns about the pandemic potential of the virus and their impact on human-to-human transmission has also been documented.4