Tokyo, Japan – The XRISM collaboration have discovered flows of hot gas in the core of the Centaurus Cluster. By comparing state-of-the-art X-ray measurements from the XRISM satellite with numerical simulations, they showed this is evidence for collisions between galaxy clusters, causing gas inside to “slosh”. This solves the longstanding mystery of how cluster cores stay hot, and sheds light on how our universe continues to evolve.

Producing high-performance titanium alloy parts — whether for spacecraft, submarines or medical devices — has long been a slow, resource-intensive process. Even with advanced metal 3D-printing techniques, finding the right manufacturing conditions has required extensive testing and fine-tuning.

What if these parts could be built more quickly, stronger and with near-perfect precision?

A team comprising experts from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, and the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering is leveraging artificial intelligence to make that a reality. They’ve identified processing techniques that improve both the speed of production and the strength of these advanced materials — an advance with implications from the deep sea to outer space.

The Science White Paper of the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and jointly developed with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), and the French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), has been published online in the Science China: Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. EP is an interdisciplinary mission focused on time-domain and X-ray astronomy. It aims to explore transient X-ray sources and explosive phenomena in the universe using its advanced observational instruments. The mission seeks to expand the frontiers of astronomical research by providing new insights into these dynamic cosmic events.