This study developed an open-source tornado database for the Chinese mainland from 2004-2019, utilizing the Enhanced Fujita scale to assess intensity. It analyzed spatio and temporal distributions characteristics and simulated tornado occurrences using KDE and Monte Carlo methods, revealing seasonal geographic variations. Results highlight higher tornado probabilities in southern provinces during autumn-winter and northern provinces in spring-summer. The database enhances risk assessment capabilities and is available for further research.

Researchers from Seoul National University of Science and Technology in Korea have explored how laser surface texturing (LST) patterns impact the strength and durability of joints in lightweight vehicle design. By applying LST to automotive steel and joining it with plastic materials, they found that LST processing significantly improved joint strength and resistance to tensile stress and vibration fatigue. This technique helps reduce vehicle weight, boost fuel efficiency, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Ice nucleating particles as a kind of aerosols have a significant impact on the Arctic climate by promoting the formation of ice clouds at a temperature above ­–38˚C. Wildfires in mid-latitudinal areas are a major source of these aerosols. However, a direct observation of wildfire-emitted aerosols facilitating ice cloud formation has never been documented. Now, using field and climate data, scientists from Japan have linked aerosols emitted by Canadian wildfires in 2023 to the formation of ice clouds over the Arctic Ocean.

Researchers from Arizona State University, along with their colleagues from the National University of the Peruvian Amazon, have identified an unknown family of microbes uniquely adapted to the waterlogged, low-oxygen conditions of tropical peatlands in Peru’s northwestern Amazonian rainforest.

The new research shows these microbes have a dual role in the carbon cycle and the potential to either moderate or intensify climate change. This process can either stabilize carbon for long-term storage or release it into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 and methane.

A paper summarizes methods that may reduce uncertainties in tornado records.