Researchers have discovered that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), known as the "youth hormone," can regulate male reproductive function by activating its specific membrane receptor ADGRG2. The study shows that DHEA, on one hand, enhances the activity of the CFTR chloride pathway by activating ADGRG2, thereby regulating the chloride homeostasis and fluid balance essential for sperm maturation. On the other hand, it can directly act on ADGRG2 expressed on X chromosome-bearing sperm, significantly improving sperm motility and survival rate through the Gs–cAMP–PKA signaling pathway. This research reveals the rapid regulatory mechanism of DHEA in male reproduction, providing key scientific insights into its physiological functions.

A large-scale phylogenomic study reconstructs the evolutionary history of ciliates by analyzing genomic data from 190 species, spanning nearly all known classes. The research resolves long-standing taxonomic controversies, proposes a revised classification of the phylum Ciliophora, and estimates its origin at approximately 1.05 billion years ago in the Mesoproterozoic era. The findings provide a robust framework for understanding the diversification and ecological adaptations of these essential single-celled eukaryotes and offer a curated set of core gene families for future evolutionary studies.

Scientists have uncovered how the toxic protein that drives Huntington’s disease spreads through the brain. The study shows that neurons pass the harmful huntingtin protein through tiny cellular tunnels called tunneling nanotubes. Researchers also discovered that a partnership between two proteins, Rhes and SLC4A7, helps build these tunnels. When this pathway was disrupted in cells and mice, the spread of the toxic protein dropped sharply – revealing a promising target for therapies designed to slow or stop the disease.

Variation in tissue mechanical properties play an important role in generating animal body shape diversity, as a new study from EMBL researchers and their collaborators has shown. Using a combination of theoretical modelling and experimental perturbations, the researchers showed how a combination of such properties results in a unique 'mechanotype’ for a species. Mechanotypes can help us predict body shape, and the scientists hypothesise that evolution might act on mechanotypes to give rise to the diversity of animal body shapes that we see around us today.

Writing in Frontiers in Marine Science, researchers recently shared the results of remote stereo camera observations of pelagic thresher sharks in the Central Visayan Sea. It is the first attempt using stereo videography, a non-invasive method, to assess a vulnerable population of these sharks. Models indicated that one third of the mean fishing pressures observed on thresher sharks in nearby habitats would be sustainable for the sharks in the study region. Beyond this number, the removal of more thresher sharks would result in population decline.

A 16-year study of nearly 400,000 km of road surveys reveals widespread declines in South Africa’s raptors and other large birds, with half of the species showing significant population losses. The findings highlight urgent conservation concerns and the need for robust, long-term monitoring to protect these ecologically vital predators.