Are dogs really bred for function? New Chapman study challenges the assumptions about certain breeds
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Updates every hour. Last Updated: 1-Jul-2025 06:10 ET (1-Jul-2025 10:10 GMT/UTC)
the results of a new study challenge the prevailing belief that some breeds are inherently superior at specific tasks, based on their skull morphology. The study, led by Nicholas Hebdon and Lindsay Waldrop and published in Science Advances on January 29, used advanced 3D reconstruction techniques to analyze 117 skulls from 40 domestic dog breeds and 18 wild canid species. The researchers found substantial overlap in skull shapes across breeds and functional categories, but no clear evidence that breeds selected for bite work or scent work have developed distinct morphological traits that enhance these abilities. This suggests that humans have been breeding dogs primarily for preferred visible traits, and that other factors like individual personality affect dogs’ performance of tasks.
A study led by Nikita Komarov and Simon Sprecher at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, has discovered neurons in the fly larva mouth that allow the taste of food texture. Published in the open-access journal PLOS Biology on January 30th, the study found that the fly peripheral taste organ has neurons with texture-tasting mechanoreceptors that derive their ability from the painless gene.
India, the world’s most populated country, has been successfully working to recover one of the largest, and most iconic, carnivores, the tiger, for decades. Protection, prey, peace, and prosperity have been key factors in the tiger recovery within this densely populated country, according to a new study. According to its authors, success in India offers a rare opportunity to explore the socio-ecological factors influencing tiger recovery more broadly. Earth’s large carnivores, crucial for maintaining ecosystem health, are among the most threatened species, impacted by habitat loss, prey depletion, human conflict, and illegal exploitation. These apex predators – vital for maintaining trophic cascades and ecosystem health – face diminishing populations, particularly in developing regions, where challenges like habitat fragmentation and high poverty compound conservation and recovery efforts. Tigers, once widespread across Asia, had been eliminated from over 90% of their historic range, leaving only about 3,600 wild individuals by the early 21st century. In response, tiger-range countries launched the Global Tiger Recovery Program in 2010 with the goal of doubling tiger populations by 2022. Despite hosting some of the densest human populations on Earth, India achieved this target and is now home to roughly 75% of the world’s wild tigers.
Drawing on 20 years of extensive national-scale tiger monitoring data, Yadvendradev Jhala and colleagues analyzed 381,000 square kilometers (km²) of tiger habitats using advanced occupancy models and high-resolution spatial datasets. The findings show that tigers have increased their range by nearly 3,000 km² annually over the past 2 decades, with a large portion of their current territory (45%) shared with ~60 million people in India. Protected areas, abundant with prey species, played a vital role in providing refuge, allowing tigers to repopulate surrounding multi-use landscapes. However, regions affected by high poverty, armed conflict, and habitat loss saw continued absence of tigers and localized extinctions, underscoring the importance of socioeconomic and political factors in ensuring successful recovery. “The success of tiger recovery in India offers important lessons for tiger-range countries as well as other regions for conserving large carnivores while benefitting biodiversity and communities simultaneously,” write Jhala et al. “It rekindles hope for a biodiverse Anthropocene.”
U of T Scarborough researchers have directly linked population decline in polar bears living in Western Hudson Bay to shrinking sea ice caused by climate change.
New research is focusing on ensuring reliable supplies of the potato all year round with a project that focuses on potato dormancy and extending storage life.
To achieve year-round supplies in the UK, around 1.5 million tonnes of potatoes are kept in cold stores for up to eight months to prevent sprouting. However, following the withdrawal of a chemical that suppresses sprouting, CIPC, vegetable losses have increased and the storage duration time for potatoes can be halved to four months.
Now researchers from Cranfield University, working with PepsiCo and Solynta, a leader in hybrid potato breeding, are using advanced genetic analysis to tackle the challenges of maintaining crop quality whilst extending storage life. The project aims to solve the problem of keeping potatoes dormant for longer, using fewer chemicals, less energy and generating less food waste.
With a grant from Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) prosperity partnership fund , the project to enhance potato dormancy brings together expertise in genetics, plant biology, and technology.
South San Francisco, CA (January 30, 2025) - Mirvie, a pioneer in bringing a personalized, predictive, and preventive approach to serious pregnancy complications, today announced at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine annual meeting that the Mirvie RNA platform has uncovered a unique molecular signature predictive for babies born with severe growth restriction. Unrecognized fetal growth restriction is the single largest risk factor for stillbirth.
Drawing upon the largest molecular study of pregnancy completed to date, researchers examined more than 5,000 geographically and demographically diverse pregnancies. Analyzing millions of maternal, fetal, and placental RNA messages using the Mirvie RNA platform, the technology was able to distinctly predict babies born with severe forms of growth restriction. Key findings include:
Researchers successfully predicted 60% of babies with severe fetal growth restriction months in advance of delivery, a significant improvement over the current standard of care
Current clinical risk factors used today, like advanced maternal age, maternal height, smoking status, and obesity are not predictive.
The Mirvie RNA Platform found severe growth restriction has a unique RNA signature independent of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and gestational diabetes, all of which can impact fetal growth.
“Similar to the breakthroughs that propelled the molecular understanding of breast cancer in the 1990s, obstetrics can now move towards a new standard of care based on the molecular characteristics of each pregnancy,” said Maneesh Jain, CEO and co-founder of Mirvie. “With the Mirvie RNA Platform, we can move toward a proactive and personalized care approach in maternal health that focuses on preventing serious pregnancy complications.”
“There’s a large unmet need to better identify babies most at risk for stillbirth and other negative outcomes as indicated by poor growth because the majority are undiagnosed before birth,“ said Dr. Kara Rood, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist and Clinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and principal investigator of the study who presented the findings. “Approximately 70% of babies with severe growth restriction - characterized as babies in the <third percentile for growth and at highest risk for stillbirth - are missed by a standard ultrasound. This leads to overtreatment and extra monitoring for those who don’t need it and insufficient monitoring and intervention for those who do. These novel findings powered by the Mirvie RNA platform are exciting and helping the field achieve this goal.”
“At a molecular level, we now understand how biology impacts which pregnancies are at highest risk for poor outcomes,” said Dr. Thomas McElrath, vice president of clinical development at Mirvie and a practicing maternal-fetal medicine physician at Brigham Women’s Hospital. “This breakthrough removes the bias and variability associated with clinical risk factors and assessments currently used to determine which babies may be at highest risk for fetal growth restriction. With a worsening maternal health crisis, we need innovative tools like Mirvie’s RNA platform to change the status quo and create better outcomes for mothers and babies.”
Evidence-based interventions can be used by physicians and care teams if a pregnancy is identified as high-risk for severe fetal growth restriction, including:
An etiology workup, deploying genetic testing like NIPT, amniocentesis, infectious testing and evaluating for structural anomalies
Serial ultrasounds to monitor growth frequently during pregnancy
Doppler studies can show if blood flow through the placenta and fetus is becoming impaired and decreasing over time
Increased fetal monitoring
Scheduled induction or C-section delivery depending on growth restriction and results from testing to prevent stillbirth testing
The novel findings add to the growing body of research demonstrating the use of the Mirvie RNA platform to predict pregnancy complications months before symptoms appear, including preeclampsia risk prediction in Nature and preterm birth risk prediction in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
About Mirvie RNA Platform
Mirvie’s RNA platform has powered the company’s foundational, first-of-its-kind study uncovering the biology of pregnancy health. This comprehensive study examined the biology of nearly 11,000 diverse pregnancies across the United States, collecting more than 20,000 RNA transcripts per patient and translating into 200 million data points overall. Mining the rich dataset with advanced machine learning and AI, Mirvie is unlocking the underlying biology of pregnancy health. The Mirvie RNA platform delivers predictive blood tests that enable preventive care across multiple pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction.
About Mirvie
Mirvie is bringing a personalized, predictive, and preventive approach to pregnancy health using RNA to predict the risk of serious complications like preeclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, months in advance. Backed by rigorous clinical research, the proprietary Mirvie RNA platform reveals actionable information about the unique biology of a pregnancy with a simple blood test. This breakthrough allows pregnant women and their care teams to put a preventive action plan in place before a complication becomes a life-altering crisis. Serious complications impact one in five pregnancies in the U.S., and Mirvie is committed to creating a world where every pregnancy is as safe and healthy as possible. Mirvie is backed by top-tier investors including Blackrock, Decheng Capital, Foresite Capital, General Catalyst, GV, Khosla Ventures, and Mayfield. For more information, visit Mirvie.com.