Keeping hydrogen liquid at about 20 K demands exceptional insulation, since small heat leaks generate boil-off gas and raise tank pressure. A new study used 3D multiphase simulations to evaluate a semi-active system in which a secondary cryogenic coolant, liquefied natural gas or liquid nitrogen, circulates through embedded insulation channels, intercepting heat before it reaches the inner tank. In optimized configurations, simulated heat ingress fell by 43.6% with both coolants, guiding cooling-channel placement and design.

This review systematically bridges non-resonant and resonant metasurfaces, highlighting their complementary roles in shaping next-generation photonic devices. It covers physical mechanisms, key structures, and transformative applications in imaging, color routing, and displays. The fusion of both paradigms promises multifunctional, chip‑integrated meta‑devices.

This review synthesizes collective insights from the 1st China–Australia–New Zealand Water Quality Modeling Symposium (CANWaS 2024) and outlines a roadmap for strengthening international collaboration in surface water quality modeling. Organized by Jiping Jiang from Harbin Institute of Technology and Danlu Guo from Australian National University, an international research team identifies shared priorities, mutual interests, and actionable pathways—including best-practice guidelines, open knowledge sharing, and joint technological innovation—to advance predictive capacity and policy impact for global freshwater management.

Researchers have produced the first systematic map of the fluid acceleration inside the quark–gluon plasma (QGP)—the hottest fluid in nature—revealing acceleration fields of several hundred MeV, among the strongest ever achieved on Earth, with far-reaching implications for the phase structure and transport phenomena of strong-interaction matter.

Researchers at the University of Oxford, in collaboration with Pfizer, have developed a new method for converting alcohols into alkyl fluorides using potassium fluoride (KF).

Published today (30 July) in Science (DOI: 10.1126/science.aec6298), the study overcomes a long-standing challenge in Appel-type fluorination: the undesired formation of PPh₃F₂ instead of C–F bond construction.

The reaction opens up a new avenue for synthesising fluorochemicals, which are widely used in materials, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.