Tokyo, Japan – Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have re-engineered the popular Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) for simulating the flow of fluids and heat, making it lighter and more stable than the state-of-the-art. By formulating the algorithm with a few extra inputs, they successfully got around the need to store certain data, some of which span the millions of points over which a simulation is run. Their findings might overcome a key bottleneck in LBM: memory usage.

Fluorine is critical for biomedicine. This element can help drug compounds be more potent and last longer in the body, and its radioactive isotope, fluorine-18, powers medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). But scientists have long struggled with adding fluorine to the most common chemical bonds—carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds—in a way that’s precise, efficient and compatible with the molecules used to create many modern medicines. There’s been particular interest in constructing carbon–fluorine bonds stereoselectively—that is, attaching fluorine from a specific direction in space to create the needed fluorinated stereoisomer (“mirror image” form) of the target molecule. Stereoselective C–H fluorination has remained one of the most challenging synthetic transformations, and the limited approaches developed to date have relied on expensive specialty chemicals or complicated, multi-step procedures. Now, chemists at Scripps Research have developed a long-sought method to stereoselectively attach fluorine atoms to complex, drug-like molecules in a single step using cheap, readily available fluoride salts. 

Scientists have outlined an approach for interpreting how materials interact with polarized light, which could benefit biomedical imaging and advanced material design. Using an elliptical model to analyze how phase-shifting elements interact with polarized light, they offer an alternative, more physically plausible way to interpret polarization data from complex materials. Conventional methods usually assume that a material’s retarder properties can be represented as a two-layer model combining a circular and a linear retarder, which often leads to errors when the internal structure is unknown or highly layered. The elliptical model adopted by the authors captures a material’s full retarder properties with three parameters—elliptical axis orientation, degree of ellipticity, and elliptical retardance—without requiring assumptions about its internal structure. Tests on liquid crystal samples, including layered and nonlayered configurations, showed that this model avoids misinterpretations common with conventional models.

A Filipino-led team of international researchers has developed a physics-based algorithm that could train AI to greatly improve weather forecasts.

They enable high-precision measurements, define the unit of voltage, and form the heart of many quantum computers – the so-called Josephson junctions. However, the microscopic processes taking place in the superconductors are difficult to observe directly. Researchers at the RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau have therefore implemented a quantum simulation of the Josephson effect: They separated two Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by means of an extremely thin optical barrier, which is generated by a focused laser beam and moved periodically. The result is impressive: even in this atomic system, the characteristic Shapiro steps – voltage plateaus at multiples of the drive frequency – appeared, as they do in superconducting Josephson junctions. The research paper published in the journal Science thus provides a textbook example of quantum simulation.

Recently, Professor Fei Wang's research group at Nankai University developed an aromatic radical substitution reaction based on aniline protonation-induced polarity reversal, achieving the direct meta-selective amination of aromatic amines to synthesize m-phenylenediamine compounds. The authors transformed the amine group, originally an ortho/para directing group, into a strongly electron-withdrawing ammonium functional group with meta-directing effects through aniline protonation. Simultaneously, they combined this with aryl hydrocarbon amination mediated by highly reactive ammonium radical cations/pyridinium radicals, thus solving the challenge of meta-selective hydrocarbon amination of aniline compounds. The article was published as an open access communication in CCS Chemistry, the flagship journal of the Chinese Chemical Society.

Researchers have developed a device that can precisely control laser light using a fraction of the power and space required today. Because it can be manufactured just like modern microchips, this tiny device could unlock quantum computers capable of solving problems far beyond the reach of today’s technologies.

Physicists at CU Boulder have developed a new material that is completely transparent but so good at blocking heat that you can use it to hold a flame in the palm of your hand.