Gallium-based liquid metals emerge as key cybernetic mediators for human-machine integration
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 29-Apr-2026 17:16 ET (29-Apr-2026 21:16 GMT/UTC)
Seamless integration between electronics and the human body is the goal, and Ga-LMs are key to this transformation. Essential properties,such as, fluidity, conductivity, and biocompatibility, enable Ga-LMs to form stretchable, self-healing circuits, paving the way for advanced wearables, soft robotics, and medical implants that promise to redefine human-machine interaction.
New research reveals that ‘foundation models’ trained on vast, general time‑series data may be able to forecast river flows accurately, even in regions with little or no local hydrological records. The approach could improve flood warnings, drought planning and water-resource management in parts of the world where monitoring data is limited.
In the macro world, building a robot is straightforward: you connect motors to joints and follow the laws of physics. But at the nanoscale—where machines are a billion times smaller—how to build a robot? Scientists are now engineering DNA to perform complex tasks at the nanoscale, building machines that move, grip, and even process information. In a new review published in SmartBot, Professor Lifeng Zhou of Peking University, along with Academician Jian S. Dai from Southern University of Science and Technology, takes us through the cutting-edge world of DNA nanorobots and explores the transition from static DNA structures to dynamic, programmable machines.
Water, despite its abundance, high heat capacity, and environmental benignity, has long been constrained by its intrinsic density (~ 1.0 g cm−3) and fluidic nature, which limit its use as a lightweight, structurally stable material above the freezing point. Reconfiguring water into an ultra-light yet solid-like form while retaining its inherent thermal and optical advantages is therefore of great significance for next-generation cooling technologies that demand low mass, portability, and sustainability. Herein, we report an ultra-light hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), in which hollow foaming microspheres are incorporated to create ultra-low-density water materials. By confining water within this composite network, the hydrogel achieves a record-low density of 0.041 g cm−3 while maintaining a high water content of 52.7 wt%. The microspheres generate sealed air pockets that serve as highly effective thermal barriers, yielding a thermal conductivity of only 0.034–0.039 W m−1 K−1 and enabling a > 50 °C temperature differential in hot-stage tests. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits excellent spectral properties, with high solar reflectance (0.94) and high infrared emittance (0.84), resulting in a sub-ambient cooling of up to 10.8 °C in outdoor experiments. The synergy of ultra-low density, mechanical robustness, and multifunctional thermal regulation demonstrates a viable pathway toward practical light water materials for energy-efficient, portable, and sustainable thermal management.