A new Swansea University study has shown that upstream river management rather than local rainfall is the primary driver of one of the world's most important wetlands. An analysis of two decades of satellite observations revealed the future of Iraq's Mesopotamian Marshes depends far more on the water flowing from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers than on rainfall.

New Research from the University of St Andrews has discovered that Metal production carbon footprints could be more than 10 times higher than previously estimated, with serious implications for the ambition to reach net zero. 

A recent study uncovers the most comprehensive explanation to date for the unprecedented Arctic ozone event of March 2024, revealing new insights into the complex connections between tropical variability, atmospheric wave dynamics and polar ozone in a warming world.

Researchers developed a diffusion-based artificial intelligence system that learns ship navigation directly from real-world voyage data rather than relying on optimization algorithms. Trained on a vessel in Japan's busy and geographically complex Seto Inland Sea, the AI learned to balance multiple objectives simultaneously, including collision avoidance, efficient routing, and speed control. The AI also learned local navigation practices, such as staying within designated traffic lanes, without being explicitly programmed to do so. The study demonstrates that diffusion-based AI can capture human-like navigation behavior from real-world data, offering a promising new approach to autonomous ship navigation in complex maritime environments.

The sand used to build cities, roads and other infrastructure is being removed from many rivers faster than nature can replace it, according to a global review led by researchers from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore).

Researchers at University of Tsukuba have discovered that rainwater runoff in the highly rugged sedimentary rock mountains of Japan's Southern Alps is governed by two processes: "deep infiltration" and "shallow drainage via landslides." These processes are dictated by the inclination of geological strata. Based on these findings, the researchers propose a conceptual framework, termed the "structural ground system," to explain how the bedding structure regulates rainwater runoff.