A new study led by the University of Plymouth has used more than six decades of data to show that plankton abundance is declining across vast swathes of the North East Atlantic – a region covering the Atlantic Ocean from Portugal to Norway, and the entirety of the North Sea.

Traces or perforations caused by living organisms after the animal’s death can be found on various dinosaur bone remains. These perforations, known as bioerosion structures, provide information that helps us understand the relationships between living organisms in the past, reconstruct palaeoecosystems and improve our understanding of the fossilization process. Now, a study published in the journal Earth-Science Reviews has identified this type of perforation in bones and, for the first time, also in pieces of dermal armour (osteoderms) from titanosaurs at the Lo Hueco site (Cuenca,Spain), dating from the Late Cretaceous.

CT scans of ancient crocodile brains reveal clues to 100 million years of evolution. New study uses digital reconstructions of living and extinct crocodylians to untangle the evolutionary history of long-snouted crocodiles. By digitally reconstructing the internal anatomy of fossil skulls, the researchers identified a series of morphological differences in the braincase and associated sensory structures among long-snouted crocodiles from different geological periods. The findings demonstrate the growing importance of implementing non-destructive imaging techniques in palaeontology.

Researchers at Brown have shown the first direct evidence for a massive geologic uplift of the entire Aleutian Island archipelago driven by a rotation of the Pacific tectonic plate.

As digital twins expand across fields ranging from healthcare to climate forecasting, concerns about privacy, cybersecurity, and transparency are also growing. A review of nearly 22,500 publications argues that digital twins should be understood as decision infrastructures that integrate sensing, modeling, artificial intelligence, and data systems to support smarter, more explainable, and secure decisions in complex real-world settings

Researchers from the University of Oxford have uncovered evidence that Mars once hosted enormous, Earth-like magmatic systems deep beneath its surface – despite the planet lacking the plate tectonics long thought necessary for this kind of geological complexity. The findings, published today (26 June) in Nature Astronomy, reveal fascinating new possibilities for how rocky planets become habitable.

Accounting for atmospheric degradation of levoglucosan is essential for accurate identification of biomass burning sources in tropical regions, but as much as 88% of levoglucosan may be lost before measurement. After correcting for this atmospheric loss, the researchers identified urban domestic use of fuels, rather than agricultural burning, as the dominant source of PM_2.5 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.