Research into pathogens or generative artificial intelligence can lead to knowledge, products or technologies which can also be used for harmful purposes (“dual use research”). In times of pandemics, wars, and intensifying system rivalries around the world, such security-relevant research is increasing in significance. This includes, for instance, the question as to how research can be protected from espionage and foreign interference while simultaneously ensuring the continuation of international scientific cooperation. The Joint Committee on the Handling of Security-Relevant Research (GA) of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the German Research Foundation (DFG) advises the German science community in questions regarding dual use. In the committee’s 2024 progress report “Scientific Freedom and Security Interests in Times of Geopolitical Polarisation”, which is now also available in English, they describe a change within the scientific system due to increased national security interests. In line with their mandate, which has since been extended until 2030, the committee will pay additional attention to this field of tension.

Nature documentaries presented as 360° virtual reality videos have a stronger positive effect than other forms of media, including an indirect effect on donation intentions.