An international research team reveals consistent growth in PFAS research by conducting bibliometric analysis of 1,281 publications from 2003 to 2023. The study, conducted using analytical tools like CiteSpace and VOSviewer, identifies the United States, China, and Sweden as the leading contributors. It provides a comprehensive overview of PFASs in drinking water, highlighting that their entry into water supplies is governed by surface runoff, soil leaching, and atmospheric deposition. While traditional analysis relies on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, new portable sensors are emerging. Current removal strategies—such as activated carbon, ion-exchange, membranes, and advanced oxidation processes—involve significant cost-performance trade-offs. Key persistent challenges include monitoring short-chain and novel ether PFASs, managing concentrated waste, and establishing unified regulatory standards. This study aims to guide future research and policy to accelerate the achievement of PFAS-free drinking water.