The nailed heads ritual did not correspond to the same symbolic expression among the Iberian communities of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, but rather a practice that differed in each settlement. In some, external individuals were used as symbols of power and intimidation, while other settlements could have given priority to the veneration of members of the local community. This is the conclusion reached by a study led by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) which analyses the mobility patterns of these human communities existing in the Iron Age of the last millenium BCE. Researchers studied seven nailed skulls of men found in two sites dating back to this period: the city of Ullastret (found in the same town of the province of Girona) and the settlement of Puig Castellar (Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona).

Two-part international conference in Rome and Münster on the first ecumenical council – Pontifical Gregorian University and the University of Münster in cooperation – Pope invites researchers to meet and discuss ideas – Professor of Dogmatics Michael Seewald: Bringing together new interdisciplinary research on the history and theology of the Council – What does Nicaea mean for the relationship of Christianity with Judaism and Islam? – ‘What today’s church members actually believe is a different matter’