In a groundbreaking study, researchers have captured real-time "molecular movies" showing how an enzyme changes shape during catalysis. Using an advanced technique called mix-and-inject serial crystallography at Japan's SACLA X-ray free-electron laser facility, the team observed domain movements and structural changes in the enzyme, copper amine oxidase enzyme over millisecond timescales, revealing dynamics that are nearly impossible to observe by other methods.

A new 3D printing method developed by researchers at CUHK and USC eliminates the need for STL files in laser additive manufacturing.

By directly converting implicit geometries into optimized laser scanning toolpaths, the team achieved record-high printing resolution, faster computation, and stronger, smoother microscale metallic lattices.

This STL-free hybrid toolpath strategy reduces memory by 90%, shrinks wall thickness to 65 μm, and boosts strength by up to 66%. Applications range from aerospace brackets to copper heat exchangers.