Recently, the team led by Guoqi Li and Bo Xu from the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, published a research paper in National Science Review. The team, drawing on principles from neuroscience, proposed an innovative neuromorphic spike-based large language model, aimed at enhancing the energy efficiency and interpretability of LLMs. This research not only opens new directions for the development of efficient AI but also provides valuable insights for the design of next-generation neuromorphic chips.

Researchers report a stacked tunable metasurface that integrates sharp frequency filtering with polarization and spectral reconfigurability, overcoming a trade-off between high selectivity and rich tunability in metasurface designs. Microwave experiments demonstrate steep bandpass responses, strong out-of-band suppression, and dynamic multi-channel operation. This work offers a promising framework for addressing key demands for reconfigurability, multiplexing, and interference immunity in modern electromagnetic systems.

 

Researchers in China conducted a comprehensive overview of the fabrication of magnetic robotic materials, structural design, actuation systems, and their application scenarios. In terms of fabrication, permanent magnetic particles are discussed. Structural design encompasses one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional architectures, as well as bio-inspired structures. The actuation systems primarily introduce coil-based mechanisms and permanent magnet-based approaches. Application scenarios mainly include targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery, among others.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a significant class of materials promising for photocatalysis, and defect engineering offers an effective route for enhancing their photocatalytic performance. In this mini-review, a first-principles design perspective on defect engineering in 2D materials for photocatalysis is provided. Various types of defects in 2D materials, spanning point, line, and planar defects are explored, and their influence on the intrinsic properties and photocatalytic efficacy of these materials is highlighted. Additionally, the use of theoretical descriptors to characterize the stability, electronic, optical, and catalytic properties of 2D defective systems is summarized. Central to the discussion is the understanding of electronic structure, optical properties, and reaction mechanisms to inform the rational design of photocatalysts based on 2D materials for enhanced photocatalytic performance. This mini-review aims to provide insights into the computational design of 2D defect systems tailored for efficient photocatalytic applications.

Professor Keisuke Fujii, a leading researcher in quantum science at The University of Osaka, has been named among the Quantum 100, a major global initiative celebrating the centennial of the development of quantum mechanics in 2025, proclaimed by the United Nations and led by UNESCO.

Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed models that classify X-ray images into specific body regions and simultaneously determine the imaging method and image orientation. Using these models, they successfully classified almost all data for use in deep-learning models.