Inside the cell nucleus, genes must be turned on and off with precision to regulate biological processes. The first models of gene regulation were developed in the 1960s, yet modern science continues to uncover new layers of control. A new study involving researchers from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), the Institut Pasteur and Princeton University, published in PNAS, now suggests that genes obey an optimal switching principle—random at any given moment, yet precise on average.

Researchers report a new lightweight cast aluminium alloy that is both exceptionally strong and remarkably ductile, making it a promising material for aerospace, automotive, and energy applications.

The growing presence of nanoplastics in the environment has highlighted the need for simpler detection methods, leading researchers at Science Tokyo to develop a rapid biosensor for detecting polystyrene nanoparticles in water. Tested in both model water samples and real water samples spiked with polystyrene nanoparticles, the device detected 50 nm particles within 20 minutes without labeling or extensive sample preparation. The technology could support efforts to understand and address nanoplastic accumulation in the environment.