The atmosphere’s growing thirst is making droughts worse, even where it rains
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 11-Sep-2025 15:11 ET (11-Sep-2025 19:11 GMT/UTC)
What if your brain had a built-in map – not of places, but of possible futures? Researchers at the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) blend neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) to reveal that populations of dopamine neurons in the brain don’t just track whether rewards are coming – they encode maps of when those rewards might arrive and how big they might be.
These maps adapt to context and may help explain how we weigh risks, and why some of us act on impulse while others hold back. Strikingly, this biological mechanism mirrors recent advances in AI, and could inspire new ways for machines to predict, evaluate and adapt to uncertain environments more like we do.
A new way to 3D print complex structures recycles the material used for structural supports, significantly reducing the amount of waste generated.