Microplastics, tiny bits of plastic less than 5 millimeters in size, are now found in our air, food, water, and even inside the human body, according to new research led by scientists from China and the United States. The study, published in Carbon Research, urges scientists and policymakers to take immediate steps to understand and address potential health risks linked to widespread plastic pollution.

Adding carbon-rich materials such as biochar and hydrochar to farmland soils is often seen as a promising way to fight climate change. But a new study from Finland shows that the type of char used can make a big difference in whether the soil releases or stores greenhouse gases.

A collaboration between civil engineering and neurosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh could change how spinal fusion surgery is performed and monitored. Associate Professors Amir Alavi, Nitin Agarwal, and D. Kojo Hamilton have received a $352,213 National Institutes of Health (NIH) R21 grant to develop the first self-powered spinal implant capable of transmitting real-time data from inside the body.

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) grant supports the development of a new technology designed to restore normal gene function in select neurodevelopmental disorders.

Sorghum bicolor is a deep-rooted, heat- and drought-tolerant crop that thrives on marginal lands and is increasingly valued for its applications in biofuel, bioenergy, and biopolymer production. Although recent advances in genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic resources have improved understanding of sorghum biology, comprehensive genome-wide analyses of functional dynamics across diverse organ types and developmental stages remain limited. This study, led by the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), presents a genome-wide analysis of organ-specific gene expression, functions, and regulatory networks in sorghum. The findings offer valuable candidates for further functional characterization and genetic engineering aimed at improving sorghum stem biomass and composition.

Optical computing, which uses light rather than electricity to process information, offers a promising route to overcome the speed and energy limits of conventional electronics. In a recent study, researchers from China developed an optical feature extraction engine, OFE².  The integrated system performs high-speed feature extraction using optical diffraction. Operating at 12.5 GHz, OFE² demonstrated record-low latency and enhanced performance in various tasks, including image analysis and real-time processing of financial data.