Oxygen transport, a vital process for sustaining life, is carried out by red blood cells that deliver oxygen to tissues through microscopic capillary networks. Now, researchers from Kyushu University and Institute of Science Tokyo have developed a computational model that simulates this process by combining blood flow, chemical reactions, and oxygen consumption within one system. These simulations reveal that RBCs can adjust the amount of oxygen released based on surrounding oxygen levels, thereby maintaining a stable oxygen concentration across tissues.

Utilizing mice, researchers have identified the "organizer cells" responsible for building bone during fetal development. The study reveals a two-phase program led by RANKL-producing "organizer cells": early-stage septoclasts clear cartilage to create space, followed by LepR⁺ bone marrow stromal cells that sustain the marrow environment. This developmental blueprint is reactivated during fracture healing, offering a novel therapeutic target for bone diseases like osteoporosis by focusing on niche cells rather than the bone-destroying cells themselves.

This study reveals that geographic isolation and Quaternary climatic fluctuations jointly drove genetic differentiation and multiple glacial refugia of the fully mycoheterotrophic herb Burmannia nepalensis, with recent human activity causing population decline.

An article published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters describes a new transient absorption microscope developed by a research group led by Prof. Toru Kondo at the National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) / the Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) / SOKENDAI. This microscope integrates a unique optical alignment for single-objective absorption microscopy, a highly sensitive balanced detector, and lock-in-amplified detection, allowing femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements to be performed continuously at a high repetition rate. Moreover, steady-state absorption and fluorescence measurements, i.e., simultaneous absorption and fluorescence imaging, can be performed. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectrum and lifetime can be acquired. The spatial resolution is ~300 nanometers, near the diffraction limit; the temporal resolution is less than 200 femtoseconds; and the detection sensitivity of the transient absorption signal is about 10^–7 in absorbance, approaching the single-molecule level.

A new study reveals how a remarkable group of plants on the Galápagos Islands developed their diverse leaf shapes – offering unique insight into evolution at the genetic level.

A review in Neuroprotection (2026) reconceptualizes Parkinson’s disease as a lifelong neurobiological process shaped by early-life vulnerability, cumulative environmental exposures, and resilience factors. The authors integrate developmental biology, epigenetics, neuroimmune mechanisms, and brain plasticity into a prevention-focused framework. They highlight how early risks and lifelong protective behaviors influence disease trajectory, while emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies, early biomarkers, and targeted interventions to enable prevention rather than late-stage treatment.

Shi Yuankai’s team’s review on EGFR-TKIs for NSCLC (2000–2026) came out in the Chinese Medical Journal. Lung cancer leads in global cancer incidence/mortality, with NSCLC as the main subtype and EGFR a key driver. EGFR-TKIs are core for advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC, with expanded clinical applications and prolonged patient survival. Yet EGFR-TKI resistance is a big challenge; the review summarizes its 2000–2025 development and future directions.

How food is shared inside ant colonies has long been invisible in real time. Researchers in Japan have now used a highly sensitive radioactive imaging technique to watch food move from ant to ant, minute by minute. The method reveals unexpected patterns in how resources spread through a group and could help scientists detect early warning signs of stress or imbalance in insect societies, crucial to ecosystems and agriculture.