In a new study published in the journal Ecosphere, researchers from Northern Arizona University found that when water temperatures increase, microbes and aquatic insects process fallen leaves, twigs and bark more rapidly, but a smaller fraction of that leaf litter supports their growth and a bigger fraction is released into the water and air as carbon dioxide. 

Researchers led by a University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine team offer highly compelling evidence that an elegant, nature-inspired solution lies in ultra-tiny, bubble-like structures called small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These metabolic messengers refined over millions of years of evolution carry RNA – a nucleic acid that is a chemical cousin of DNA – and other molecules between cells. In a nutshell, the research team’s new findings show that not all sEVs are alike: their cell of origin determines where they travel, with certain vesicles naturally targeting specific tissues in the body. 

University of Virginia researchers are applying machine learning and functional genomics to investigate a largely unexplored region of the genome — transcribed ultra conserved regions (TUCRs) — and their potential role in glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of brain cancer.

Stephen Turner (School of Data Science) and Roger Abounder (microbiology, immunology, and cancer biology) are leading the collaboration, supported by a pilot grant connecting UVA's Cancer Center and data science researchers. Despite decades of genomic research, the protein-coding portion of the genome — only a small fraction of the total — has received the lion's share of scientific attention. TUCRs, by contrast, have fewer than 70 publications to their name, with none previously examining their role in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma carries a median survival of just over one year even with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation combined, underscoring the urgency of new research avenues. Turner and Abounder hope that shining a light on this uncharted genomic territory will yield insights that could ultimately improve outcomes for patients.

The project was presented at a Cancer-Data Science Research Symposium at UVA on February 19, an event designed to connect cancer researchers with data scientists and foster exactly this kind of cross-disciplinary collaboration.

In a new study published in Genes & Development, research led by Dr Lila Allou at the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) in London and Professor Stefan Mundlos at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Charité in Berlin demonstrates how different regulatory genetic elements coordinate the temporal activity of a key developmental gene.  Their findings likely explain subtle differences seen in patients with congenital limb malformations, for which the underlying disease mechanisms often remain unknown.

In a clinical trial, researchers studied how aerobic exercise shapes the biology of stress. The study showed that adults who engaged in the American Heart Association’s recommended 150 minutes of exercise per week for a year significantly reduced cortisol, which is a major stress hormone. Lowering cortisol may help protect against heart disease, as well as improve sleep and mood. Results from this clinical trial highlight the importance of physical activity for stress and health.

A tiny antibody component could fundamentally transform the treatment of cystic fibrosis: For the first time, researchers have succeeded in developing a so-called nanobody that penetrates directly into human cells and can repair the chloride channel most commonly affected in cystic fibrosis. The innovative therapeutic approach was developed in collaboration between teams from Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP). The results have now been published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology*.