Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool, but it lacks data on how isotopes from natural materials affect results. To bridge this gap, a researcher from Kyushu University studied how oxygen isotopes affect the results of Raman spectroscopy on forsterite. They found that higher oxygen isotopes result in lower wavenumbers; where the isotopes are located can cause peak splitting and new vibrational modes; and peak broadening due to a decrease in symmetry of the material.

Zeolite-catalyzed methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reactions inherently exhibit multiscale spatiotemporal heterogeneity, which is crucial to catalyst design and product selectivity. This review integrates recent advances in spectroscopy, molecular imaging and spatially resolved techniques to connect molecular diffusion, acidity, temperature distribution and coke deposition across molecular, crystal, particle and reactor scales. By clarifying how nonuniform microenvironments emerge, interact and propagate, this review provides insights for the development to guide more efficient and selective MTH catalysis.