Scientists have a new way to use data from high-energy particle smashups to peer inside protons. Their approach uses quantum information science to map out how particle tracks streaming from electron-proton collisions are influenced by quantum entanglement inside the proton. The results reveal that quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks that make up a proton’s structure, are subject to so-called quantum entanglement. 

New research co-led by the University at Buffalo proposes thinking both big and small to confirm the existence of primordial black holes, suggesting that their signatures could range from very large — hollow planetoids in space — to minute — microscopic tunnels in everyday materials found on Earth, like rocks, metal and glass. 

Utilizing high-resolution occultation data from China’s Tianwen-1 probe, key parameters of internal gravity waves in the Martian atmosphere—such as vertical wavelength, frequency, and energy density—have been extracted for the first time. These findings are further compared with occultation data obtained from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), providing a more profound analysis of internal gravity wave characteristics across different datasets. Earth and Planetary Physics (English) recently reported these results.