Effective axon regeneration is critical for restoring nerve function in patients with axon injury-related neurological diseases, yet adult mammals show limited regenerative capacity in central axonal branches of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons compared to their peripheral counterparts. To explore molecular drivers of this difference, rat sciatic nerve or dorsal root axotomy was performed to examine the expression of dysbindin domain containing 2 (DBNDD2) in DRGs after regenerative peripheral or non-regenerative central axon injury. Results revealed DBNDD2 is down-regulated in DRGs post-peripheral injury but up-regulated after central injury. Additionally, DBNDD2 expression varies between neonatal and adult rat DRGs, increasing gradually with development. Functional tests via DBNDD2 knockdown demonstrated that silencing this gene promotes neurite outgrowth in both neonatal and adult DRG neurons and stimulates robust axon regeneration in adult rats following sciatic nerve crush injury. Bioinformatic analysis further identified that transcription factor estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) interacts with DBNDD2, exhibits a similar expression trend post-axon injury, and may target DBNDD2. These findings suggest that reduced DBNDD2 levels after peripheral injury and low neonatal DBNDD2 abundance contribute to axon regeneration, highlighting DBNDD2 manipulation as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving recovery after axon damage.

The Healthy China 2030 Plan established a key target of cutting premature deaths from diabetes by 30% by 2030, yet no assessment of diabetes-related premature mortality has been conducted since the plan’s launch. To address this gap, data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was utilized to calculate diabetes-related premature deaths by sex, province, and disease subtype across China from 1990 to 2021. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was employed to analyze temporal trends in premature mortality for different groups over this period, and projections of such mortality up to 2030 for the entire country and its individual provinces were made based on the average annual change rate observed between 2010 and 2021. Findings revealed that diabetes-related premature mortality first rose slowly, from 0.5% in 1990 to 0.6% in 2004, before declining through 2021, when it reached 0.4%. By 2030, only Fujian Province is expected to achieve the 30% reduction target, with merely seven provinces meeting the goal for females and none for males. Significant disparities in the decline rate exist between inland and coastal regions, highlighting obvious geographic differences and underscoring the need to balance the distribution of medical resources.

Leonurus japonicas Houtt., a medicinal herb with a history dating back to the ancient classical text Shennong Bencao Jing—where it was noted for properties associated with "light body and long life"—has long been valued in traditional medicine under the names Chinese Motherwort or Siberian Motherwort. Renowned as the "sacred medicine of gynecology," it is recognized for effects including activating blood circulation, regulating menstruation, promoting diuresis, reducing swelling, and clearing heat and detoxifying, making it a common choice in clinical settings for treating various gynecological diseases. Within this herb, leonurine stands out as a key alkaloid, endowed with multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Given that cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases pose significant "major health threats" to human life and health globally, and considering the side effects of many existing drugs, a comprehensive exploration of leonurine’s potential therapeutic role in these areas becomes highly relevant. This work focuses on reviewing the potential molecular therapeutic effects of leonurine on diseases affecting the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, emphasizes the latest findings in current research progress, and centers on its therapeutic impacts across different disease conditions. Currently, leonurine is in the clinical experiment stage, and the insights compiled aim to offer guidance for future studies into its molecular mechanisms and its broader clinical application.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) represents one of the most distressing and debilitating side effects experienced by cancer patients undergoing treatment, significantly impacting quality of life, treatment adherence, and overall therapeutic outcomes. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) have emerged as cornerstone agents in the modern management of CINV, particularly for delayed-phase symptoms that occur 24-120 hours after chemotherapy administration. These agents target substance P binding to NK-1 receptors in both central and peripheral nervous system pathways, addressing the complex neurotransmitter mechanisms underlying CINV pathophysiology.

In the development of modern animal husbandry, the feed industry serves as a crucial material foundation, and extrusion puffing technology has become one of the mainstream feed processing technologies due to its unique advantages.