Large language models (LLMs) are transforming specialized fields, yet environmental science—with its complex terminology and interdisciplinary nature—has lagged behind.

A research team from Aarhus University has measured and explained the exceptionally low thermal conductivity of the crystalline material AgGaGe₃Se₈. Despite its ordered structure, the material behaves like a glass in terms of heat transport – making it one of the least heat-conductive crystalline solids known to date. The reason? The silver atoms move erratically in the lattice and break down the thermal transport.

The European Space Agency-led Solar Orbiter mission has split the flood of energetic particles flung out into space from the Sun into two groups, tracing each back to a different kind of outburst from our star.

NAGOYA, Japan — In late September 2025, KIOXIA Iwate Corporation (Koichiro Shibayama CEO) will begin evaluating a GaN-based e-beam technology developed through joint research between Photo electron Soul Inc. (PeS; Takayuki Suzuki CEO), a Nagoya University startup, and the Amano–Honda Laboratory at Nagoya University.

Prof Heidi Newberg is an astrophysicist at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Her research focuses primarily on understanding the structure of our own galaxy through using stars. In a newly published Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences article, she and her co-authors lay out the case that a telescope with a rectangular mirror, rather than a roughly circular one as is used in traditional telescopes, could provide a clearer path to discovering habitable worlds. In the following guest editorial, she highlights the feasibility and advantages of this design.

A new study by an SUTD researcher and his collaborators introduces a pooled mining attack that overturns a long-standing assumption about Bitcoin’s security economics.

Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) is a semiconductor material that could make electronic devices much more energy-efficient than current silicon-based technology. Electronic diodes require two types of semiconductor layers to function properly, negative-type (n-type) and positive-type (p-type) layers. Scientists could reliably produce n-type gallium oxide layers but struggled to create stable p-type layers because gallium oxide's crystal structure naturally resists the atoms needed for these layers. This limitation resulted in gallium oxide semiconductors with poor performance and reliability issues. Now, researchers at Nagoya University in Japan have solved this manufacturing challenge and created the first functional pn diodes using gallium oxide. Their method, published in the Journal of Applied Physics, enables the use of gallium oxide for improved semiconductors and energy efficient devices. In addition, these new pn diodes can carry twice as much electrical current as previous gallium oxide diodes.