T-box transcription factor 4 (TBX4), a highly conserved member of the T-box gene family, plays a foundational role in mammalian development. Known primarily for orchestrating hindlimb formation and lung morphogenesis, TBX4 has recently emerged as a key regulator linking genetic, epigenetic, and signaling networks to diverse human diseases.

A new paper in Molecular Biology and Evolution reports that Italian bears living in areas with many villages evolved and become smaller and less aggressive.

Osaka Metropolitan University researchers enhanced Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase its tolerance for high 2,3-butanediol concentrations. This was achieved by introducing mutations into the genomic DNA and successfully obtaining a mutant strain that proliferates 122 times more than the parent strain.