Ten years ago, on 12 December 2015, the Paris Climate Agreement was signed at the UN Climate Conference. In order to limit global warming to well below two degrees, only a certain amount of CO₂ may be emitted worldwide. While the focus was originally on national emission targets, more than 200 subnational regions and almost 300 cities have now adopted their own targets. But how many emissions are they fairly entitled to? Researchers at the University of Graz have now developed transparent criteria for fair distribution at the subnational level for the first time and determined corresponding greenhouse gas budgets for all European regions. The distributive justice framework and analysis, published today in the scientific journal Nature Communications, may serve as a useful starting point, and can be operationalised for other countries, e. g. the USA or China.

The ubiquitous plastic beverage bottle makes up about half of plastic waste collected for recycling in the U.S. Most recycled plastic is processed domestically, but a portion is traded overseas. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign draws on citizen science data to investigate how the global plastic waste trade contributes to litter along coastlines and waterways in importing countries.

A new study led by the UvA suggests that even a fictional personality system, the Hogwarts houses from Harry Potter, can reveal meaningful patterns in real-world entrepreneurial mindsets. The research team, headed by Martin Obschonka, analysed nearly 800,000 responses to TIME Magazine Harry Potter Personality Quiz, discovering that regions with more ‘Gryffindors’ and ‘Slytherins’ tend to have higher start-up activity. The project involved collaborators from NEOMA Business School, The University of St. Gallen, and the University of British Columbia.

A new study shows that in 2023, substance use disorders led to nearly $93 billion in lost productivity in the United States from missed work, reduced job performance, inability to work, and lost household productivity. The novel analysis appearing in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, published by Elsevier, highlights the need for prevention and treatment strategies to reduce harm and costs.

Abstract

Purpose – With the increasing prevalence of common institutional ownership, a burgeoning literature has emerged to examine its economic consequences. However, the majority of existing studies focus on the product market and firm-level behavior and decision-making. Research on the impact of common institutional ownership on overall business strategy remains scarce. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence and mechanism of common institutional ownership on business strategy aggressiveness and explore the factors

that affect the relationship between the two.

Design/methodology/approach – We empirically examine the relationship between common institutional ownership and business strategy aggressiveness based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2023. In addition, we perform a series of endogeneity and robustness tests to validate our findings, including the Heckman two-stage tests, propensity score matching ordinary least squares, instrumental variables approach, placebo tests and remeasurement of key variables.

Findings – We find that common institutional ownership significantly reduces business strategy aggressiveness. Mechanism analyses suggest that the anti-competitive effects lead to a significant negative correlation between the two. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that the inhibitory effect of common institutional ownership on business strategy aggressiveness is more pronounced when common institutional investors are long-term oriented, the firms are state-owned and operate in non-technology-intensive industries, and the level of regional legalization is relatively low.