Education policy instruments—including assessments, indicators, standards, contracts, financial mechanisms, and digital platforms—are not neutral technical devices. They carry ideas about education, redistribute authority, and shape how problems and solutions are understood. A scoping review of 42 peer-reviewed studies identifies six major effects of policy instruments and shows how instrument-based research can illuminate performance governance, Europeanization, and the growing influence of international, private, and intermediary actors in education policy across diverse settings.

What factors influence students’ decisions about whether they will continue to use ChatGPT for learning in the future? This was the question addressed by a new study from ELTE’s Faculty of Informatics, which used an interpretable machine learning framework to identify the factors that most strongly influence the use of generative artificial intelligence in higher education.