Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious human herpesvirus responsible for chickenpox upon primary infection and shingles upon viral reactivation. While Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) can offer post-exposure protection for high-risk individuals, structural insights into neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) derived from natural infection remain limited. Glycoprotein E (gE), the most abundant and immunogenic envelope protein of VZV, plays an essential role in viral infection and is the sole antigen in the recombinant zoster vaccine.

As China’s poultry industry is rapidly moving towards standardization and large-scale development, high-yield breeds in large-scale farms are particularly sensitive to environmental changes.

Any plan to send a human crew to explore Moon or Mars requires many tons of propellant to blast off from Moon or Mars for return to Earth. Two propellants are needed: (a) a fuel, typically either methane or hydrogen, and (b) oxygen. Oxygen represents the greatest mass of propellant, and in situ propellant production (ISPP) for oxygen only would provide a significant mass saving. Lunar and Martian ISPP processes range widely in complexity and degree of difficulty, with equally wide ranges in risk and apparent return on investment (ROI). Moreover, operating autonomous chemical engineering plants on remote bodies, in some cases involving mining, transporting, delivering, discharging, and processing planetary soil under severe environmental conditions, presents significant challenges. Difficulty in providing power compounds the problems. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between autonomous processes that are simple and straightforward to implement that lend themselves naturally to first landings versus processes that are complex and challenging and, because of that, likely to be relegated to second-generation or even third-generation landings, if at all.

Beyond its efficacy, Cinainu has shown to treat Alopecia Areata – a chronic autoimmune disease - without immunosuppression-related adverse events, and with a persistent effect, which are probably both a first. Botanical drug is an overlooked regulatory pathway, but these results show that a botanical drug can treat a complex disease with no chemicals and potentially no long-term health risks. Publication in the British Journal of Dermatology marks a key milestone for Cinainu development and botanical drug innovation overall.

Paper packaging is a sustainable alternative to plastic. However, as it is permeable to air, food packaged in paper loses its flavour over time, and undesirable substances such as solvents can penetrate the packaging. Up to now, extensive tests were necessary for each type of paper to determine to what extent and how quickly this happens. A research team led by Karin Zojer from the Institute of Solid State Physics at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) has now developed an AI-based prediction system that calculates how permeable different types of paper are to volatile organic substances. This significantly speeds up the development of new packaging materials. The prediction tool, which was developed as part of the CD Laboratory for Mass Transport through Paper, is already being used by a paper manufacturer.

Thin-walled parts are vital in aerospace and high-performance manufacturing, but their weak stiffness makes them prone to damaging vibrations during milling.

A new review highlights the latest strategies for suppressing chatter vibrations, including passive, active, and semi-active techniques. It brings together progress from materials science, mechanical engineering, control systems, and digital manufacturing, while also outlining what is still needed to achieve stable, efficient, and high-quality machining in real industrial settings.

The China National Space Administration plans to launch the asteroid sample-return mission TianWen-2 with the target being the near-Earth asteroid 2016 HO3. The TianWen-2 spacecraft mainly focuses on surface sampling on the near-Earth asteroid 2016 HO3. the whole TianWen-2 spacecraft will be controlled to achieve touchdown and sampling rather than releasing a small lander or ejecting a projectile. Small celestial bodies usually have an extremely low surface gravity and are covered with granular material a centimeter in size or smaller in the form of regolith. The dispersion, friction, and nonlinear dissipation of inelastic collision between particles make a regolith surface behave like a solid or a fluid at the macroscopic level, exhibiting phenomena such as deformation, flow, and ejection. Thus, sampling on a low-gravity regolith-covered surface with unknown physical properties is particularly challenging and risky. In order to successfully implement an in situ exploration, it is of great significance to analyze the influence of regolith soil on the sampling process of the spacecraft on the surface of the asteroid and comprehensively understand and evaluate spacecraft dynamics and control behavior during sampling.

Sustainable city management recognises the importance of not only the busy above-ground urban systems but also the invisible underground infrastructure, utilities, and hidden heritage and their stories. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) is at the fore-front of geospatial and near-surface geophysical technologies, advancing land surveying research that supports cultural preservation and the sustainable development urban environment.