Pedagogical chatbots, which have become more capable and widely available with the rise of generative AI, promise to transform personalized learning at scale by providing individualized, on-demand support to students. But generative AI is not without fault. Sometimes chatbots make mistakes, provide incomplete information, invent facts, or misconstrue logic, which may harm their users’ learning. A new study sheds light on whether users can detect those errors and suggests ways to improve AI-powered teaching. 

Anthocyanins are major pigments responsible for the vivid colors of ornamental flowers. 

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious human herpesvirus responsible for chickenpox upon primary infection and shingles upon viral reactivation. While Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) can offer post-exposure protection for high-risk individuals, structural insights into neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) derived from natural infection remain limited. Glycoprotein E (gE), the most abundant and immunogenic envelope protein of VZV, plays an essential role in viral infection and is the sole antigen in the recombinant zoster vaccine.

As China’s poultry industry is rapidly moving towards standardization and large-scale development, high-yield breeds in large-scale farms are particularly sensitive to environmental changes.

Any plan to send a human crew to explore Moon or Mars requires many tons of propellant to blast off from Moon or Mars for return to Earth. Two propellants are needed: (a) a fuel, typically either methane or hydrogen, and (b) oxygen. Oxygen represents the greatest mass of propellant, and in situ propellant production (ISPP) for oxygen only would provide a significant mass saving. Lunar and Martian ISPP processes range widely in complexity and degree of difficulty, with equally wide ranges in risk and apparent return on investment (ROI). Moreover, operating autonomous chemical engineering plants on remote bodies, in some cases involving mining, transporting, delivering, discharging, and processing planetary soil under severe environmental conditions, presents significant challenges. Difficulty in providing power compounds the problems. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between autonomous processes that are simple and straightforward to implement that lend themselves naturally to first landings versus processes that are complex and challenging and, because of that, likely to be relegated to second-generation or even third-generation landings, if at all.

Beyond its efficacy, Cinainu has shown to treat Alopecia Areata – a chronic autoimmune disease - without immunosuppression-related adverse events, and with a persistent effect, which are probably both a first. Botanical drug is an overlooked regulatory pathway, but these results show that a botanical drug can treat a complex disease with no chemicals and potentially no long-term health risks. Publication in the British Journal of Dermatology marks a key milestone for Cinainu development and botanical drug innovation overall.

Paper packaging is a sustainable alternative to plastic. However, as it is permeable to air, food packaged in paper loses its flavour over time, and undesirable substances such as solvents can penetrate the packaging. Up to now, extensive tests were necessary for each type of paper to determine to what extent and how quickly this happens. A research team led by Karin Zojer from the Institute of Solid State Physics at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) has now developed an AI-based prediction system that calculates how permeable different types of paper are to volatile organic substances. This significantly speeds up the development of new packaging materials. The prediction tool, which was developed as part of the CD Laboratory for Mass Transport through Paper, is already being used by a paper manufacturer.