Researchers from Zhengzhou University have released the most comprehensive review to date on the rapidly expanding field of element doped biochar. The study explains how simple biowaste can be transformed into powerful engineered materials with exceptional performance in pollution control, energy storage, soil improvement and industrial catalysis. The findings highlight the growing importance of advanced carbon materials in global efforts to address environmental and energy related challenges.

A new study has introduced the first Malaysia specific model for estimating the social cost of carbon, offering policymakers a clearer path toward meeting the country’s climate and biodiversity goals while protecting economic growth. The research, published in Carbon Research, highlights how Malaysia can leverage its extensive forest resources to reduce climate damages, lower mitigation costs, and accelerate progress toward net zero emissions.

Low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations, characterized by dense satellite coverage and low transmission latency, have substantial advantages in global communications, earth observation, and disaster forecasting. Compared to traditional constellations with simple configurations, mega-constellations have a large number of nodes and complex satellite interaction relationships and are oriented to vast global missions. As a result, when the traditional ground-based centralized management mode is applied to a mega-constellation, the ground station suffers from an explosive growth of control load and struggles to achieve the efficient, timely, and orderly operation of the mega-constellation. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the management architecture to partially transfer the on-ground management mission to on-board management mission. Clustering satellites into multiple management domains and implementing unified management within each domain is an effective method for realizing on-board management of mega-constellations. Existing studies on the construction of satellite management domains have focused on some specific indicators, such as spatial distribution uniformity, network control latency, and controller load. Considering the highly dynamic motion of the mega-constellation, a fixed management domain construction will inevitably lead to frequent updates of the management architecture, thereby increasing the burden of on-board management. Thus, more stable strategies for constructing and updating the management domain need to be explored to reduce the frequency of management architecture updates over extended mission periods.