Mode-division multiplexing based on few-mode optical fiber is a promising technology to increase the transmission capacity of optical communication systems, where multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) is employed to (de)multiplex the signals from different mode channels. Since the group velocity of each mode is different, the signals are separated in the time domain when they reach the receivers. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for the mode-group-velocity delay of the interval modes to reduce the complexity of the MIMO-DSP algorithm. In this work, we demonstrated an on-chip differential-mode group delay (DMGD) manipulating device based on 3D multilayer cladding waveguides. The proposed device supports compensating the DMGD of about 10.0 ps/m with a device formed with a low refractive index difference. In the meanwhile, the value of DMGD can be greatly improved to be 1878.6 ps/m by forming the device with high refractive index difference material such as thin-film lithium niobate with silicon dioxide cladding. The proposed device provides a feasible design for on-chip DMGD manipulation, which can find various applications in the mode division multiplexing system.

The Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts has released the most comprehensive bibliometric analysis to date of hydrothermal pretreatment—an eco-friendly technique that uses only hot compressed water or steam to fracture the stubborn lignocellulose wall and release fermentable sugars, biogas precursors and carbon-rich hydrochar. Mining 22 years of global data, the study places China at the helm (36.5 % of output), identifies “enzymatic hydrolysis”, “bioethanol” and “hydrothermal carbonization” as the dominant knowledge clusters, and forecasts the next wave of innovation will marry microwave chemistry, anaerobic microbiomes and graphitic biochar for truly circular biorefineries.

Published in the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, the ADBA model is the first to integrate both organic and inorganic carbon limitations for mixotrophic algal growth in real anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent. The model accurately predicts the growth of Chlorella vulgaris CA1 and indigenous bacteria, capturing their competitive interactions, nutrient uptake, and light inhibition effects. With just 25 parameters and 8 state variables, it balances simplicity and realism, offering a practical tool for optimizing algal biomass production and wastewater treatment.

Researchers have developed a novel polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/sulfonated lignin (PVA-CS-L) hydrogel that integrates the mechanical and biological benefits of lignin. The hydrogel demonstrates enhanced tensile and compressive strength, pH-sensitive controlled release of lignin, and strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The material also supports sustained release of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a bioactive compound found in green tea. The findings suggest a new direction for cost-effective, bioactive wound dressings and drug delivery systems.

In the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, researchers show that 20 % of forest residue torrefied at 220 °C raises polylactic acid tensile strength from 58.7 to 62.3 MPa, cuts water uptake 16 % and reaches near-total biodegradation under compost conditions six percentage points faster than virgin PLA. The work delivers a scalable route to bulk-load bioplastic with zero-cost mill waste without the usual loss of mechanical performance.

Writing in the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, researchers describe a continuous, glue-assisted winding line that converts flattened bamboo splits into 8-, 10- and 12-mm drinking straws with compressive strength (16–19 MPa) and wet strength (15.6 N vs 3.6 N for paper) that out-perform polypropylene, PLA and coated paper rivals. Soaking plus 60 °C ultrasonic treatment leaches colour bodies and starch, cutting later mould risk by >90 % and water absorption by roughly 40 %. Consumer acceptance among 1 500 café users topped 90 %; raw-material cost per straw is US$0.0007 and factory-gate price US$0.014—about half that of commercial paper straws. Life-cycle data suggest 0.32 g CO₂-e per straw, one-tenth the burden of PP. Authors say the route is ready for 100-million-piece annual lines serving bubble-tea chains and airlines under new plastic-ban timetables.

Writing in the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, a Berkeley researcher has synthesised a decade of global data to show that engineered strains of Synechocystis, Synechococcus and Anabaena already deliver gram-per-litre titres of ethanol, 620 nmol H₂ mg⁻¹ chlorophyll h⁻¹, 1.24 g L⁻¹ isobutanol and 0.5 % dry-weight alkanes—outputs that beat maize fermentation on carbon efficiency but lag E. coli by 5- to 20-fold on volumetric productivity. The review identifies magnetic-nanoparticle flocculation, CRISPR-evolved alcohol-tolerant mutants and internally-illuminated photobioreactors as the three levers most likely to push the technology past the 10 g L⁻¹ threshold demanded by refiners, while warning that open-pond escape of transgenic strains and photo-inhibition inside large reactors remain unresolved ecological and engineering risks.

From copper-oxide rods to silver/chitosan coatings and in-situ zinc-borate cubes, nanotech outperforms CCA, ACQ and thermal modification while cutting leaching, claim researchers.

Engineers have long compressed wood to mimic steel, but the gain is usually one-directional and rebounds with moisture. Writing in the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, researchers report a chemical-only protocol—partial delignification followed by LiCl/DMAc swelling and room-temperature drying—that drives cellulose fibrils to collapse inward and lock solidly by hydrogen bonds. The resulting 1.25 g cm⁻³ timber shows 496 MPa tensile strength, 392 MPa flexural strength and 75 kJ m⁻² impact toughness, values that rival aluminum alloys and out-perform earlier densified woods along and across the grain. Because no hot-pressing or synthetic resin is required, the material keeps its shape in humidity and can be whittled into nails that hold >300 N. The work offers architects and automakers a lightweight, carbon-negative alternative to metals and concrete.