High concentrations of free fatty acid (FFA) in ketotic dairy cows activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways, contributing to mammary epithelial cell apoptosis and reduced milk yield. The study sets the stage for in vivo trials to validate ER stress inhibitors like Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) as practical solutions for managing ketosis and enhancing dairy cows health.

A research team from Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy at the LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), in collaboration with the InnoHK Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre (ABIC), has developed the world’s first ‘NanoPowder nasal spray’. This innovation successfully overcomes the challenge of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enabling the delivery of medication to the brain without the need for injections or surgery. When used promptly at the early onset of stroke, the nasal spray provides prehospital emergency treatment, helping to save time, thus protecting brain cells and reducing complications. In the long term, it has the potential to become a community-based emergency rescue tool.

The University of Hong Kong (HKU) has spearheaded an international research collaboration to develop a pioneering theoretical framework that deciphers the predictability of complex networks. A research team including Professor Qingpeng ZHANG’s group at the HKU Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science (HKU IDS) and the HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, together with researchers from Zhejiang University and Sapienza University of Rome, has developed a new theoretical framework to understand the predictability of complex networks.

A research team from the LKS Faculty of Medicine at the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) has developed a machine-learning classifier capable of analysing the genomes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) to accurately predict their potential risk of transmission among mammals. The team has successfully identified the key clues that may explain cross-species transmission of influenza A viruses from birds to mammals, and even to humans. The study found that when guanine (G) or cytosine (C) associated in the IVA genome decreased, the virus demonstrated a higher risk for sustained transmission in mammals, including humans. The research team recommends incorporating this genome signature into future influenza pandemic risk assessment frameworks to facilitate the early identification of high-risk viral strains. This groundbreaking study was published in Nature Microbiology.

A research team from the School of Biomedical Sciences at the LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), has uncovered the mechanism underlying how cancer patients respond to a widely used cancer drug, known as paclitaxel, offering insights that may help overcome cancer drug resistance. The study found that small differences in microtubules, the structures inside cells that help the cells divide and move, can determine the efficacy of paclitaxel. This finding was published in Nature Chemical Biology.

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk for both osteoporosis and depression, yet no single treatment effectively addresses both conditions because their shared biological basis remains poorly understood. In a recent study, researchers discovered that a traditional plant extract used in traditional Chinese medicine could act on a common molecular pathway underlying both bone loss and mood disorders, paving the way for treatments that target both conditions at once.

Kyoto, Japan -- A hallmark of Type 2 diabetes is the progressive loss of beta cell mass: cells in the pancreas that produce and release insulin.  The endoplasmic reticulum stress response, a cellular pathway that maintains protein homeostasis, plays a critical role in beta cell function and survival, and the protein ATF6α is one of the key regulators of this stress response. However, the significance of ATF6α signaling in the stress-adaptive regulation of beta cell mass has remained unclear, prompting a team of researchers at Kyoto University to investigate.

"Our previous single-cell RNA-sequencing data suggested transient ATF6α upregulation during adaptive beta-cell proliferation, which sparked our interest in its potential role," says first author Daisuke Otani.

The team generated mice lacking ATF6α, specifically in beta cells. They assessed beta cell mass, proliferation and apoptosis, or cell death, of the mice under chronic stress conditions, including high-fat diet and pregnancy. The team also performed complementary in vitro experiments using chronically stressed beta cell lines, and single-cell RNA sequencing using the high-fat diet model.

Kyoto, Japan -- Our childhood experiences create ripple effects across our lives and with those whom we encounter. Adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, have been linked to depression and dementia, and even to perpetuating abuse. The intergenerational transmission of abuse is well- known to affect the children of victims, and recent evidence has also connected a high number of ACEs to an increased risk of abusing elders, indicating broad impacts on later-life relationships and violent behavior.

However, attention is also turning to positive childhood experiences -- PCEs -- which include supportive family relationships, school belonging, and community support. Previous research suggests more PCEs are associated with lower stress and depression along with better health in adulthood. However, their association with the perpetration of elder abuse and cumulative ACE exposure has not yet been explored. A team of researchers at Kyoto University resolved to investigate the association between these opposing factors.

"By distinguishing family and community-related PCEs, we aimed to capture childhood influences on elder abuse from multiple perspectives," says first author Chie Koga.