Researchers from University of Granada and the Spanish National Research Council designed four ideal weekly menus with an equal energy value and following international recommendations for the daily intake of a wide range of macro- and micronutrients. Each menu was in accordance with an omnivorous Mediterranean, pesco-vegetarian, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, or vegan diet. The vegan diet reduced carbon emissions by 46%, water use by 7%, and land use by 33%, while the two vegetarian diets cut carbon emissions by up to 35%. The three plant-based diets were nutritionally balanced, except for small deficits in vitamin D, iodine, and vitamin B12, which can be remedied with supplements. The authors concluded that plant-based diets are equally nutritious and healthy as a Mediterranean diet, and much better for the planet.

The evolution of civil and hydraulic engineering spans across historical eras, deeply intertwined with societal, economic, and scientific advancement. Particularly, it mirrors the progress in science and technology. Emerging as the harmonious amalgamation of contemporary information technology and construction, intelligent construction emerges as the prime catalyst propelling the transformation and enhancement of the construction sector, steering it towards modernization.

Centered around civil engineering, water management, and intelligent construction, this conference strives to bridge the latest scholarly accomplishments with the existing industrial technological landscape. It aims to furnish diverse insights to businesses, educational institutions, and academics, comprehensively showcasing novel technologies, innovative paradigms, and recent milestones in related domains. By doing so, it aims to foster synergistic growth between academic accomplishments and industrial progress.