In the era of artificial intelligence and machine learning, all-optical computing has garnered renewed attention for its intrinsic advantages in processing speed, energy efficiency, and parallelism. Scientists have developed a new class of metasurface optical differentiators capable of simultaneously performing arbitrary-order optical differentiation and high-resolution imaging in a standalone single-layer configuration. The technique provides a realistic path towards realization of ultracompact all-optical computing devices with potential applications in biological imaging, advanced information processing, and beyond.

Optical tweezers manipulate microparticles via optical forces and torques. Researchers from China and Singapore demonstrate that particle morphology and rotation angle critically govern optical torques and forces under paraxial trapping system. Non-spherical particles may exhibit positive torques, negative torques, or rotational freezing accompanied by stable lateral drift. Originating mainly from geometric asymmetry, this mechanism completes a missing element in optical manipulation and enables shape-based optical sorting.

Gastric cancer remains a major global health challenge, and therapeutic resistance continues to limit the effectiveness of existing HER2-targeted treatments. A research team from Jiangsu University has developed a bispecific cellular nanovesicle platform that simultaneously targets CD16-positive natural killer (NK) cells and HER2-positive gastric cancer cells. The engineered nanovesicles enhance NK cell recruitment, activation, cytokine secretion, and tumor-killing activity, providing a promising strategy for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.